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good evening welcome to the space

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good evening welcome to the space
 

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good evening welcome to the space
telescope science institute in baltimore

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telescope science institute in baltimore
 

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telescope science institute in baltimore
i'm don savage public affairs officer

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i'm don savage public affairs officer
 

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i'm don savage public affairs officer
for nasa's office of space science this

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for nasa's office of space science this
 

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for nasa's office of space science this
evening we're pleased to announce the

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evening we're pleased to announce the
 

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evening we're pleased to announce the
start of a week-long campaign of

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start of a week-long campaign of
 

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start of a week-long campaign of
observations

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observations
 

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observations
of the impact of periodic comet

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of the impact of periodic comet
 

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of the impact of periodic comet
shoemaker levy 9 with jupiter the impact

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shoemaker levy 9 with jupiter the impact
 

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shoemaker levy 9 with jupiter the impact
of the first fragment occurred earlier

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of the first fragment occurred earlier
 

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of the first fragment occurred earlier
this afternoon at about 3 54 and

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this afternoon at about 3 54 and
 

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this afternoon at about 3 54 and
scientists around the world

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scientists around the world
 

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scientists around the world
participating in the nasa national

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participating in the nasa national
 

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participating in the nasa national
science foundation observing campaign as

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science foundation observing campaign as
 

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science foundation observing campaign as
well as virtually every other telescope

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well as virtually every other telescope
 

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well as virtually every other telescope
and observatory around the world have

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and observatory around the world have
 

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and observatory around the world have
been watching

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been watching
 

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been watching
that included of course the hubble space

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that included of course the hubble space
 

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that included of course the hubble space
telescope which is where we are located

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telescope which is where we are located
 

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telescope which is where we are located
here at the institute an image of the

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here at the institute an image of the
 

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here at the institute an image of the
area of jupiter which the fragment hit

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area of jupiter which the fragment hit
 

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area of jupiter which the fragment hit
will be ready by about 10 o'clock

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will be ready by about 10 o'clock
 

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will be ready by about 10 o'clock
tonight and at that time dr heidi hamill

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tonight and at that time dr heidi hamill
 

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tonight and at that time dr heidi hamill
will provide the image and we'll discuss

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will provide the image and we'll discuss
 

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will provide the image and we'll discuss
what you can tell from the early

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what you can tell from the early
 

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what you can tell from the early
analysis of the data

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analysis of the data
 

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analysis of the data
now i'd like to introduce our panel the

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now i'd like to introduce our panel the
 

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now i'd like to introduce our panel the
discoverers and of course the namesake

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discoverers and of course the namesake
 

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discoverers and of course the namesake
of the comet from my left

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of the comet from my left
 

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of the comet from my left
dr eugene shoemaker floral

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dr eugene shoemaker floral
 

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dr eugene shoemaker floral
lowell observatory

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lowell observatory
 

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lowell observatory
he's a research professor at north

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he's a research professor at north
 

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he's a research professor at north
arizona university in flagstaff and

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arizona university in flagstaff and
 

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arizona university in flagstaff and
scientist emeritus at the u.s geological

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scientist emeritus at the u.s geological
 

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scientist emeritus at the u.s geological
survey

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survey
 

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survey
to his left dr carolyn shoemaker his

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to his left dr carolyn shoemaker his
 

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to his left dr carolyn shoemaker his
wife also a staff member of lowell

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wife also a staff member of lowell
 

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wife also a staff member of lowell
observatory and research professor at

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observatory and research professor at
 

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observatory and research professor at
north arizona university and a volunteer

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north arizona university and a volunteer
 

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north arizona university and a volunteer
scientist at the u.s geological survey

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scientist at the u.s geological survey
 

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scientist at the u.s geological survey
and on the far left david levy amateur

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and on the far left david levy amateur
 

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and on the far left david levy amateur
astronomer and author and he's

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astronomer and author and he's
 

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astronomer and author and he's
discovered 21 comets and and in 1984

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discovered 21 comets and and in 1984
 

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discovered 21 comets and and in 1984
eight in his own backyard and 13 with

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eight in his own backyard and 13 with
 

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eight in his own backyard and 13 with
working with gene and carolyn shoemaker

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working with gene and carolyn shoemaker
 

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working with gene and carolyn shoemaker
and mount polymer

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and mount polymer
 

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and mount polymer
dr shoemaker

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dr shoemaker
 

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dr shoemaker
thanks don

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thanks don
 

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thanks don
well it's a

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well it's a
 

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well it's a
great great pleasure to be with you this

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great great pleasure to be with you this
 

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great great pleasure to be with you this
evening

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evening
 

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evening
we're here to

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we're here to
 

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we're here to
start the reporting on like on a

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start the reporting on like on a
 

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start the reporting on like on a
campaign that's been

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campaign that's been
 

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campaign that's been
16 months in preparation

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16 months in preparation
 

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16 months in preparation
since the discovery of the comet we were

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since the discovery of the comet we were
 

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since the discovery of the comet we were
very fortunate to be able to discover

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very fortunate to be able to discover
 

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very fortunate to be able to discover
this comet far enough ahead of time

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this comet far enough ahead of time
 

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this comet far enough ahead of time
that astronomers around the world could

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that astronomers around the world could
 

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that astronomers around the world could
actually plan carefully

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actually plan carefully
 

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actually plan carefully
an observing campaign get their

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an observing campaign get their
 

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an observing campaign get their
observing requests into observatories

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observing requests into observatories
 

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observing requests into observatories
and of course a campaign

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and of course a campaign
 

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and of course a campaign
has been carried out is being carried

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has been carried out is being carried
 

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has been carried out is being carried
out with a hubble space telescope

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out with a hubble space telescope
 

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out with a hubble space telescope
which is guided from here uh

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which is guided from here uh
 

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which is guided from here uh
as the staff the planning is done from

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as the staff the planning is done from
 

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as the staff the planning is done from
here

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here
 

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here
and the hubble has been very important

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and the hubble has been very important
 

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and the hubble has been very important
actually in obtaining some of our best

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actually in obtaining some of our best
 

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actually in obtaining some of our best
images of the comet over the course of

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images of the comet over the course of
 

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images of the comet over the course of
the past year actually starting july

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the past year actually starting july
 

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the past year actually starting july
year ago and i think we're very lucky of

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year ago and i think we're very lucky of
 

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year ago and i think we're very lucky of
course to have the new improved optics

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course to have the new improved optics
 

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course to have the new improved optics
on hubble which are going to prove their

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on hubble which are going to prove their
 

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on hubble which are going to prove their
worth tonight and through the rest of

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worth tonight and through the rest of
 

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worth tonight and through the rest of
this week

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this week
 

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this week
not only have been have observers been

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not only have been have observers been
 

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not only have been have observers been
preparing

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preparing
 

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preparing
but there have been several teams

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but there have been several teams
 

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but there have been several teams
of

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of
 

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of
theorists around the world mostly in the

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theorists around the world mostly in the
 

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theorists around the world mostly in the
u.s who worked very hard to try to

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u.s who worked very hard to try to
 

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u.s who worked very hard to try to
predict what the effects of the impacts

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predict what the effects of the impacts
 

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predict what the effects of the impacts
of the comet fragments would be

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of the comet fragments would be
 

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of the comet fragments would be
i and what i i want to show you very

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i and what i i want to show you very
 

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i and what i i want to show you very
briefly is what i regard as the

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briefly is what i regard as the
 

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briefly is what i regard as the
as the latest and best prediction

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as the latest and best prediction
 

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as the latest and best prediction
for the eruptive plume that will be

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for the eruptive plume that will be
 

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for the eruptive plume that will be
formed by an individual comet nucleus of

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formed by an individual comet nucleus of
 

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formed by an individual comet nucleus of
a kilometer diameter

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a kilometer diameter
 

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a kilometer diameter
plunging into the atmosphere of jupiter

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plunging into the atmosphere of jupiter
 

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plunging into the atmosphere of jupiter
45 degrees

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45 degrees
 

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45 degrees
the work i'm going to show you actually

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the work i'm going to show you actually
 

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the work i'm going to show you actually
has just been completed it's a team

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has just been completed it's a team
 

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has just been completed it's a team
effort primarily carried out by paul

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effort primarily carried out by paul
 

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effort primarily carried out by paul
hashig that titan research corporation

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hashig that titan research corporation
 

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hashig that titan research corporation
who's a close colleague of ours my

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who's a close colleague of ours my
 

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who's a close colleague of ours my
colleague david levy david roddy

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colleague david levy david roddy
 

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colleague david levy david roddy
i have two davids in my life

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i have two davids in my life
 

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i have two davids in my life
david roddy was my first graduate

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david roddy was my first graduate
 

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david roddy was my first graduate
student and as a colleague of mine at

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student and as a colleague of mine at
 

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student and as a colleague of mine at
the usgs

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the usgs
 

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the usgs
and andrew ingersoll who's a professor

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and andrew ingersoll who's a professor
 

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and andrew ingersoll who's a professor
at caltech

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at caltech
 

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at caltech
and i think that we we have probably the

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and i think that we we have probably the
 

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and i think that we we have probably the
best simulation

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best simulation
 

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best simulation
on the computer of a plume that will

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on the computer of a plume that will
 

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on the computer of a plume that will
erupt

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erupt
 

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erupt
from beneath the cloud tops if we can

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from beneath the cloud tops if we can
 

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from beneath the cloud tops if we can
now roll

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now roll
 

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now roll
the

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the
 

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the
the images we're starting and we're

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the images we're starting and we're
 

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the images we're starting and we're
going to go this is one and a half

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going to go this is one and a half
 

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going to go this is one and a half
minutes

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minutes
 

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minutes
if we can keep rolling

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if we can keep rolling
 

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if we can keep rolling
this is two minutes

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this is two minutes
 

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this is two minutes
and and the plume is growing this is now

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and and the plume is growing this is now
 

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and and the plume is growing this is now
three minutes

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three minutes
 

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three minutes
it's rising to a total height of about

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it's rising to a total height of about
 

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it's rising to a total height of about
700 kilometers this is at four minutes

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700 kilometers this is at four minutes
 

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700 kilometers this is at four minutes
the color it's getting cold at the top

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the color it's getting cold at the top
 

245
00:05:57,039 --> 00:05:58,230
the color it's getting cold at the top
oops

246
00:05:58,230 --> 00:05:58,240
oops
 

247
00:05:58,240 --> 00:06:01,189
oops
what happened there

248
00:06:01,189 --> 00:06:01,199

 

249
00:06:01,199 --> 00:06:02,150

all right

250
00:06:02,150 --> 00:06:02,160
all right
 

251
00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:06,230
all right
let's continue with the next one i

252
00:06:06,230 --> 00:06:06,240
let's continue with the next one i
 

253
00:06:06,240 --> 00:06:08,550
let's continue with the next one i
is that the last one

254
00:06:08,550 --> 00:06:08,560
is that the last one
 

255
00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:10,150
is that the last one
we don't know where a live signal came

256
00:06:10,150 --> 00:06:10,160
we don't know where a live signal came
 

257
00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:11,749
we don't know where a live signal came
in there

258
00:06:11,749 --> 00:06:11,759
in there
 

259
00:06:11,759 --> 00:06:13,189
in there
all right i guess that's as far as he

260
00:06:13,189 --> 00:06:13,199
all right i guess that's as far as he
 

261
00:06:13,199 --> 00:06:14,469
all right i guess that's as far as he
can take the

262
00:06:14,469 --> 00:06:14,479
can take the
 

263
00:06:14,479 --> 00:06:15,670
can take the
there we go

264
00:06:15,670 --> 00:06:15,680
there we go
 

265
00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:17,909
there we go
the plume gets very cold and then

266
00:06:17,909 --> 00:06:17,919
the plume gets very cold and then
 

267
00:06:17,919 --> 00:06:19,909
the plume gets very cold and then
finally falls back down you may not be

268
00:06:19,909 --> 00:06:19,919
finally falls back down you may not be
 

269
00:06:19,919 --> 00:06:22,390
finally falls back down you may not be
able to see the dimensions in that block

270
00:06:22,390 --> 00:06:22,400
able to see the dimensions in that block
 

271
00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:24,870
able to see the dimensions in that block
diagram but the plume spreads out

272
00:06:24,870 --> 00:06:24,880
diagram but the plume spreads out
 

273
00:06:24,880 --> 00:06:27,990
diagram but the plume spreads out
more than two thousand kilometers across

274
00:06:27,990 --> 00:06:28,000
more than two thousand kilometers across
 

275
00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:30,070
more than two thousand kilometers across
and it rises to a height of nearly a

276
00:06:30,070 --> 00:06:30,080
and it rises to a height of nearly a
 

277
00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:32,550
and it rises to a height of nearly a
thousand kilometers at its at its

278
00:06:32,550 --> 00:06:32,560
thousand kilometers at its at its
 

279
00:06:32,560 --> 00:06:34,710
thousand kilometers at its at its
greatest extent it reaches that greatest

280
00:06:34,710 --> 00:06:34,720
greatest extent it reaches that greatest
 

281
00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:37,990
greatest extent it reaches that greatest
height in about five minutes

282
00:06:37,990 --> 00:06:38,000
height in about five minutes
 

283
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:39,270
height in about five minutes
now

284
00:06:39,270 --> 00:06:39,280
now
 

285
00:06:39,280 --> 00:06:42,390
now
having done those calculations

286
00:06:42,390 --> 00:06:42,400
having done those calculations
 

287
00:06:42,400 --> 00:06:44,710
having done those calculations
it gives me great satisfaction to be

288
00:06:44,710 --> 00:06:44,720
it gives me great satisfaction to be
 

289
00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:46,469
it gives me great satisfaction to be
able to tell you that

290
00:06:46,469 --> 00:06:46,479
able to tell you that
 

291
00:06:46,479 --> 00:06:48,550
able to tell you that
there have been two reports received at

292
00:06:48,550 --> 00:06:48,560
there have been two reports received at
 

293
00:06:48,560 --> 00:06:50,550
there have been two reports received at
the university of maryland

294
00:06:50,550 --> 00:06:50,560
the university of maryland
 

295
00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:52,870
the university of maryland
uh one from an observing team in

296
00:06:52,870 --> 00:06:52,880
uh one from an observing team in
 

297
00:06:52,880 --> 00:06:55,990
uh one from an observing team in
colorado in grenada in spain

298
00:06:55,990 --> 00:06:56,000
colorado in grenada in spain
 

299
00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:58,790
colorado in grenada in spain
headed by tom herbst and six other

300
00:06:58,790 --> 00:06:58,800
headed by tom herbst and six other
 

301
00:06:58,800 --> 00:07:00,230
headed by tom herbst and six other
astronomers

302
00:07:00,230 --> 00:07:00,240
astronomers
 

303
00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:03,189
astronomers
observing with a 3.5 meter telescope and

304
00:07:03,189 --> 00:07:03,199
observing with a 3.5 meter telescope and
 

305
00:07:03,199 --> 00:07:06,469
observing with a 3.5 meter telescope and
observing in the 2.3 micron band that's

306
00:07:06,469 --> 00:07:06,479
observing in the 2.3 micron band that's
 

307
00:07:06,479 --> 00:07:08,629
observing in the 2.3 micron band that's
an absorption band of methane

308
00:07:08,629 --> 00:07:08,639
an absorption band of methane
 

309
00:07:08,639 --> 00:07:10,710
an absorption band of methane
so that jupiter becomes very dark in

310
00:07:10,710 --> 00:07:10,720
so that jupiter becomes very dark in
 

311
00:07:10,720 --> 00:07:13,029
so that jupiter becomes very dark in
that band that's the best band to

312
00:07:13,029 --> 00:07:13,039
that band that's the best band to
 

313
00:07:13,039 --> 00:07:15,110
that band that's the best band to
observe at if you want to see something

314
00:07:15,110 --> 00:07:15,120
observe at if you want to see something
 

315
00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:17,110
observe at if you want to see something
bright that's rising above the cloud

316
00:07:17,110 --> 00:07:17,120
bright that's rising above the cloud
 

317
00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:18,230
bright that's rising above the cloud
tops

318
00:07:18,230 --> 00:07:18,240
tops
 

319
00:07:18,240 --> 00:07:20,950
tops
and they did in fact detect the plume

320
00:07:20,950 --> 00:07:20,960
and they did in fact detect the plume
 

321
00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:23,990
and they did in fact detect the plume
at 2 18 universal time

322
00:07:23,990 --> 00:07:24,000
at 2 18 universal time
 

323
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,309
at 2 18 universal time
which is 18 minutes essentially after

324
00:07:26,309 --> 00:07:26,319
which is 18 minutes essentially after
 

325
00:07:26,319 --> 00:07:28,469
which is 18 minutes essentially after
the predicted time by paul chodos and

326
00:07:28,469 --> 00:07:28,479
the predicted time by paul chodos and
 

327
00:07:28,479 --> 00:07:31,830
the predicted time by paul chodos and
don yeomans at jpl for the impact now

328
00:07:31,830 --> 00:07:31,840
don yeomans at jpl for the impact now
 

329
00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:34,629
don yeomans at jpl for the impact now
remember it took about five minutes for

330
00:07:34,629 --> 00:07:34,639
remember it took about five minutes for
 

331
00:07:34,639 --> 00:07:36,390
remember it took about five minutes for
the plume to reach

332
00:07:36,390 --> 00:07:36,400
the plume to reach
 

333
00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:39,430
the plume to reach
its full height and at about that time

334
00:07:39,430 --> 00:07:39,440
its full height and at about that time
 

335
00:07:39,440 --> 00:07:41,350
its full height and at about that time
the plume actually would be rotated

336
00:07:41,350 --> 00:07:41,360
the plume actually would be rotated
 

337
00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:43,430
the plume actually would be rotated
fairly close to the limb

338
00:07:43,430 --> 00:07:43,440
fairly close to the limb
 

339
00:07:43,440 --> 00:07:45,990
fairly close to the limb
so i expect that the prediction is ac

340
00:07:45,990 --> 00:07:46,000
so i expect that the prediction is ac
 

341
00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:47,589
so i expect that the prediction is ac
the actual impact

342
00:07:47,589 --> 00:07:47,599
the actual impact
 

343
00:07:47,599 --> 00:07:50,390
the actual impact
probably was about 13 minutes

344
00:07:50,390 --> 00:07:50,400
probably was about 13 minutes
 

345
00:07:50,400 --> 00:07:52,870
probably was about 13 minutes
after the predicted impact but that's

346
00:07:52,870 --> 00:07:52,880
after the predicted impact but that's
 

347
00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:54,629
after the predicted impact but that's
very good because the standard deviation

348
00:07:54,629 --> 00:07:54,639
very good because the standard deviation
 

349
00:07:54,639 --> 00:07:56,469
very good because the standard deviation
prediction is eight minutes

350
00:07:56,469 --> 00:07:56,479
prediction is eight minutes
 

351
00:07:56,479 --> 00:07:58,070
prediction is eight minutes
uh and so it's about one and a half

352
00:07:58,070 --> 00:07:58,080
uh and so it's about one and a half
 

353
00:07:58,080 --> 00:07:59,670
uh and so it's about one and a half
standard deviations off the prediction

354
00:07:59,670 --> 00:07:59,680
standard deviations off the prediction
 

355
00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:01,909
standard deviations off the prediction
that's a very good prediction uh from

356
00:08:01,909 --> 00:08:01,919
that's a very good prediction uh from
 

357
00:08:01,919 --> 00:08:04,390
that's a very good prediction uh from
the astronomical observations

358
00:08:04,390 --> 00:08:04,400
the astronomical observations
 

359
00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:06,550
the astronomical observations
uh so it looks as though it was seen on

360
00:08:06,550 --> 00:08:06,560
uh so it looks as though it was seen on
 

361
00:08:06,560 --> 00:08:08,150
uh so it looks as though it was seen on
the limb of the planet

362
00:08:08,150 --> 00:08:08,160
the limb of the planet
 

363
00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:10,629
the limb of the planet
uh and in fact it was reported the plume

364
00:08:10,629 --> 00:08:10,639
uh and in fact it was reported the plume
 

365
00:08:10,639 --> 00:08:12,869
uh and in fact it was reported the plume
is reported to be brighter than the

366
00:08:12,869 --> 00:08:12,879
is reported to be brighter than the
 

367
00:08:12,879 --> 00:08:16,710
is reported to be brighter than the
satellite eo in the 2.3 micron van

368
00:08:16,710 --> 00:08:16,720
satellite eo in the 2.3 micron van
 

369
00:08:16,720 --> 00:08:17,670
satellite eo in the 2.3 micron van
now

370
00:08:17,670 --> 00:08:17,680
now
 

371
00:08:17,680 --> 00:08:19,430
now
we should all take these reports very

372
00:08:19,430 --> 00:08:19,440
we should all take these reports very
 

373
00:08:19,440 --> 00:08:21,029
we should all take these reports very
carefully and cautiously at this time

374
00:08:21,029 --> 00:08:21,039
carefully and cautiously at this time
 

375
00:08:21,039 --> 00:08:23,029
carefully and cautiously at this time
they need to be confirmed

376
00:08:23,029 --> 00:08:23,039
they need to be confirmed
 

377
00:08:23,039 --> 00:08:25,029
they need to be confirmed
by other observers

378
00:08:25,029 --> 00:08:25,039
by other observers
 

379
00:08:25,039 --> 00:08:27,430
by other observers
but i'm very happy to tell you the plume

380
00:08:27,430 --> 00:08:27,440
but i'm very happy to tell you the plume
 

381
00:08:27,440 --> 00:08:29,990
but i'm very happy to tell you the plume
is also reported to be observed in the

382
00:08:29,990 --> 00:08:30,000
is also reported to be observed in the
 

383
00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:32,949
is also reported to be observed in the
10 micron van by observers again with a

384
00:08:32,949 --> 00:08:32,959
10 micron van by observers again with a
 

385
00:08:32,959 --> 00:08:34,230
10 micron van by observers again with a
3.6

386
00:08:34,230 --> 00:08:34,240
3.6
 

387
00:08:34,240 --> 00:08:36,870
3.6
meter mic telescope at this

388
00:08:36,870 --> 00:08:36,880
meter mic telescope at this
 

389
00:08:36,880 --> 00:08:38,149
meter mic telescope at this
site

390
00:08:38,149 --> 00:08:38,159
site
 

391
00:08:38,159 --> 00:08:40,870
site
and and this is uh this is a 10 micron

392
00:08:40,870 --> 00:08:40,880
and and this is uh this is a 10 micron
 

393
00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:43,190
and and this is uh this is a 10 micron
observation which is also this deep in

394
00:08:43,190 --> 00:08:43,200
observation which is also this deep in
 

395
00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:45,350
observation which is also this deep in
the infrared and also

396
00:08:45,350 --> 00:08:45,360
the infrared and also
 

397
00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:47,590
the infrared and also
a spectral region in which jupiter is

398
00:08:47,590 --> 00:08:47,600
a spectral region in which jupiter is
 

399
00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:49,030
a spectral region in which jupiter is
not too bright to begin with so it's

400
00:08:49,030 --> 00:08:49,040
not too bright to begin with so it's
 

401
00:08:49,040 --> 00:08:50,949
not too bright to begin with so it's
easier to see the plume there so the

402
00:08:50,949 --> 00:08:50,959
easier to see the plume there so the
 

403
00:08:50,959 --> 00:08:53,509
easier to see the plume there so the
plume independently has been seen

404
00:08:53,509 --> 00:08:53,519
plume independently has been seen
 

405
00:08:53,519 --> 00:08:56,870
plume independently has been seen
in chile as well as in spain

406
00:08:56,870 --> 00:08:56,880
in chile as well as in spain
 

407
00:08:56,880 --> 00:08:59,269
in chile as well as in spain
so this is the moment of truth

408
00:08:59,269 --> 00:08:59,279
so this is the moment of truth
 

409
00:08:59,279 --> 00:09:01,190
so this is the moment of truth
we have we have all

410
00:09:01,190 --> 00:09:01,200
we have we have all
 

411
00:09:01,200 --> 00:09:03,030
we have we have all
speculated and tried to estimate the

412
00:09:03,030 --> 00:09:03,040
speculated and tried to estimate the
 

413
00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:05,750
speculated and tried to estimate the
sizes of the nuclei

414
00:09:05,750 --> 00:09:05,760
sizes of the nuclei
 

415
00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:07,509
sizes of the nuclei
and we've worried if the nuclei were at

416
00:09:07,509 --> 00:09:07,519
and we've worried if the nuclei were at
 

417
00:09:07,519 --> 00:09:09,829
and we've worried if the nuclei were at
the smaller limit which is set actually

418
00:09:09,829 --> 00:09:09,839
the smaller limit which is set actually
 

419
00:09:09,839 --> 00:09:11,750
the smaller limit which is set actually
by the dynamics the parent body could

420
00:09:11,750 --> 00:09:11,760
by the dynamics the parent body could
 

421
00:09:11,760 --> 00:09:13,110
by the dynamics the parent body could
not have been much smaller than about

422
00:09:13,110 --> 00:09:13,120
not have been much smaller than about
 

423
00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:15,430
not have been much smaller than about
two kilometers so the biggest fragments

424
00:09:15,430 --> 00:09:15,440
two kilometers so the biggest fragments
 

425
00:09:15,440 --> 00:09:17,430
two kilometers so the biggest fragments
if there are single fragments would

426
00:09:17,430 --> 00:09:17,440
if there are single fragments would
 

427
00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:19,190
if there are single fragments would
likely been only a few hundred meters

428
00:09:19,190 --> 00:09:19,200
likely been only a few hundred meters
 

429
00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:20,230
likely been only a few hundred meters
across

430
00:09:20,230 --> 00:09:20,240
across
 

431
00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:22,150
across
versus the other possibility the upper

432
00:09:22,150 --> 00:09:22,160
versus the other possibility the upper
 

433
00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:24,550
versus the other possibility the upper
limit was set by observations with the

434
00:09:24,550 --> 00:09:24,560
limit was set by observations with the
 

435
00:09:24,560 --> 00:09:27,350
limit was set by observations with the
space telescope last july and then later

436
00:09:27,350 --> 00:09:27,360
space telescope last july and then later
 

437
00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:28,470
space telescope last july and then later
this year

438
00:09:28,470 --> 00:09:28,480
this year
 

439
00:09:28,480 --> 00:09:30,550
this year
allowing uh the individual elijah's

440
00:09:30,550 --> 00:09:30,560
allowing uh the individual elijah's
 

441
00:09:30,560 --> 00:09:32,470
allowing uh the individual elijah's
fragments being about three or maybe the

442
00:09:32,470 --> 00:09:32,480
fragments being about three or maybe the
 

443
00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:34,550
fragments being about three or maybe the
largest four kilometers across

444
00:09:34,550 --> 00:09:34,560
largest four kilometers across
 

445
00:09:34,560 --> 00:09:36,150
largest four kilometers across
we've assumed maybe the best bet

446
00:09:36,150 --> 00:09:36,160
we've assumed maybe the best bet
 

447
00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:38,470
we've assumed maybe the best bet
somewhere in the middle at one kilometer

448
00:09:38,470 --> 00:09:38,480
somewhere in the middle at one kilometer
 

449
00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:39,990
somewhere in the middle at one kilometer
but now remember we're observing

450
00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:40,000
but now remember we're observing
 

451
00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:41,269
but now remember we're observing
fragment a

452
00:09:41,269 --> 00:09:41,279
fragment a
 

453
00:09:41,279 --> 00:09:43,670
fragment a
which is one of the small fragments

454
00:09:43,670 --> 00:09:43,680
which is one of the small fragments
 

455
00:09:43,680 --> 00:09:45,030
which is one of the small fragments
so i think there's very good news

456
00:09:45,030 --> 00:09:45,040
so i think there's very good news
 

457
00:09:45,040 --> 00:09:47,829
so i think there's very good news
tonight if these reports are correct

458
00:09:47,829 --> 00:09:47,839
tonight if these reports are correct
 

459
00:09:47,839 --> 00:09:50,230
tonight if these reports are correct
then you can expect a good show for

460
00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:50,240
then you can expect a good show for
 

461
00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:53,030
then you can expect a good show for
every telescopic telescopically observed

462
00:09:53,030 --> 00:09:53,040
every telescopic telescopically observed
 

463
00:09:53,040 --> 00:09:55,269
every telescopic telescopically observed
nucleus we're going to see things and

464
00:09:55,269 --> 00:09:55,279
nucleus we're going to see things and
 

465
00:09:55,279 --> 00:09:57,030
nucleus we're going to see things and
we're going to learn a lot that's the

466
00:09:57,030 --> 00:09:57,040
we're going to learn a lot that's the
 

467
00:09:57,040 --> 00:09:59,190
we're going to learn a lot that's the
good news tonight

468
00:09:59,190 --> 00:09:59,200
good news tonight
 

469
00:09:59,200 --> 00:10:01,910
good news tonight
let me now turn the podium over to my

470
00:10:01,910 --> 00:10:01,920
let me now turn the podium over to my
 

471
00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:03,990
let me now turn the podium over to my
wife carolyn we'll talk a little bit

472
00:10:03,990 --> 00:10:04,000
wife carolyn we'll talk a little bit
 

473
00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:06,630
wife carolyn we'll talk a little bit
about the discovery

474
00:10:06,630 --> 00:10:06,640
about the discovery
 

475
00:10:06,640 --> 00:10:10,870
about the discovery
the discovery of comet shoemaker levy 9

476
00:10:10,870 --> 00:10:10,880
the discovery of comet shoemaker levy 9
 

477
00:10:10,880 --> 00:10:14,310
the discovery of comet shoemaker levy 9
was terrifically exciting in march of

478
00:10:14,310 --> 00:10:14,320
was terrifically exciting in march of
 

479
00:10:14,320 --> 00:10:17,430
was terrifically exciting in march of
1993.

480
00:10:17,430 --> 00:10:17,440

 

481
00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:19,829

at that time to discover something like

482
00:10:19,829 --> 00:10:19,839
at that time to discover something like
 

483
00:10:19,839 --> 00:10:22,870
at that time to discover something like
this was completely unbelievable to any

484
00:10:22,870 --> 00:10:22,880
this was completely unbelievable to any
 

485
00:10:22,880 --> 00:10:24,230
this was completely unbelievable to any
of us

486
00:10:24,230 --> 00:10:24,240
of us
 

487
00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:27,590
of us
it was a dark and stormy night

488
00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:27,600
it was a dark and stormy night
 

489
00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:29,990
it was a dark and stormy night
to quote a famous phrase but it was a

490
00:10:29,990 --> 00:10:30,000
to quote a famous phrase but it was a
 

491
00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:32,710
to quote a famous phrase but it was a
dark and stormy night on which

492
00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:32,720
dark and stormy night on which
 

493
00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,750
dark and stormy night on which
this comet was discovered by us and by a

494
00:10:35,750 --> 00:10:35,760
this comet was discovered by us and by a
 

495
00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:38,389
this comet was discovered by us and by a
young frenchman philippe benjoya from

496
00:10:38,389 --> 00:10:38,399
young frenchman philippe benjoya from
 

497
00:10:38,399 --> 00:10:41,829
young frenchman philippe benjoya from
nice france

498
00:10:41,829 --> 00:10:41,839

 

499
00:10:41,839 --> 00:10:43,990

this was discovered in the course of our

500
00:10:43,990 --> 00:10:44,000
this was discovered in the course of our
 

501
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:45,350
this was discovered in the course of our
normal work

502
00:10:45,350 --> 00:10:45,360
normal work
 

503
00:10:45,360 --> 00:10:48,310
normal work
as part of our routine survey

504
00:10:48,310 --> 00:10:48,320
as part of our routine survey
 

505
00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:50,550
as part of our routine survey
happily it was a field that we were able

506
00:10:50,550 --> 00:10:50,560
happily it was a field that we were able
 

507
00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:51,910
happily it was a field that we were able
to take

508
00:10:51,910 --> 00:10:51,920
to take
 

509
00:10:51,920 --> 00:10:54,230
to take
in spite of the fact that a storm was

510
00:10:54,230 --> 00:10:54,240
in spite of the fact that a storm was
 

511
00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:55,910
in spite of the fact that a storm was
moving in

512
00:10:55,910 --> 00:10:55,920
moving in
 

513
00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:58,150
moving in
we took the films for this two nights

514
00:10:58,150 --> 00:10:58,160
we took the films for this two nights
 

515
00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:00,790
we took the films for this two nights
before discovery

516
00:11:00,790 --> 00:11:00,800
before discovery
 

517
00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:03,190
before discovery
and at that time we were very grateful

518
00:11:03,190 --> 00:11:03,200
and at that time we were very grateful
 

519
00:11:03,200 --> 00:11:05,670
and at that time we were very grateful
that we were able to take anything we

520
00:11:05,670 --> 00:11:05,680
that we were able to take anything we
 

521
00:11:05,680 --> 00:11:08,710
that we were able to take anything we
had had a bad two months of winter

522
00:11:08,710 --> 00:11:08,720
had had a bad two months of winter
 

523
00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:11,750
had had a bad two months of winter
during which we took very few films

524
00:11:11,750 --> 00:11:11,760
during which we took very few films
 

525
00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:15,509
during which we took very few films
so when we were had the chance to take

526
00:11:15,509 --> 00:11:15,519
so when we were had the chance to take
 

527
00:11:15,519 --> 00:11:17,829
so when we were had the chance to take
any films that night and took this

528
00:11:17,829 --> 00:11:17,839
any films that night and took this
 

529
00:11:17,839 --> 00:11:23,030
any films that night and took this
particular pair we were uncommonly lucky

530
00:11:23,030 --> 00:11:23,040

 

531
00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:26,069

i searched these films two days later

532
00:11:26,069 --> 00:11:26,079
i searched these films two days later
 

533
00:11:26,079 --> 00:11:28,389
i searched these films two days later
in the my usual way

534
00:11:28,389 --> 00:11:28,399
in the my usual way
 

535
00:11:28,399 --> 00:11:30,310
in the my usual way
but maybe i should back up a little and

536
00:11:30,310 --> 00:11:30,320
but maybe i should back up a little and
 

537
00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:33,829
but maybe i should back up a little and
tell you how does this team work

538
00:11:33,829 --> 00:11:33,839
tell you how does this team work
 

539
00:11:33,839 --> 00:11:35,750
tell you how does this team work
first of all there's the telescope in

540
00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:35,760
first of all there's the telescope in
 

541
00:11:35,760 --> 00:11:39,269
first of all there's the telescope in
the 18-inch dome which is the oldest

542
00:11:39,269 --> 00:11:39,279
the 18-inch dome which is the oldest
 

543
00:11:39,279 --> 00:11:41,990
the 18-inch dome which is the oldest
telescope on palomar mountain it is

544
00:11:41,990 --> 00:11:42,000
telescope on palomar mountain it is
 

545
00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:46,310
telescope on palomar mountain it is
palomar mountain not mount palomar

546
00:11:46,310 --> 00:11:46,320
palomar mountain not mount palomar
 

547
00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:49,670
palomar mountain not mount palomar
this is a an 18-inch schmidt it's a

548
00:11:49,670 --> 00:11:49,680
this is a an 18-inch schmidt it's a
 

549
00:11:49,680 --> 00:11:50,870
this is a an 18-inch schmidt it's a
camera

550
00:11:50,870 --> 00:11:50,880
camera
 

551
00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:53,509
camera
and we take pairs of films

552
00:11:53,509 --> 00:11:53,519
and we take pairs of films
 

553
00:11:53,519 --> 00:11:54,829
and we take pairs of films
of one

554
00:11:54,829 --> 00:11:54,839
of one
 

555
00:11:54,839 --> 00:11:59,670
of one
field by taking pairs of films

556
00:11:59,670 --> 00:11:59,680
field by taking pairs of films
 

557
00:11:59,680 --> 00:12:02,230
field by taking pairs of films
of one field i can look at them under a

558
00:12:02,230 --> 00:12:02,240
of one field i can look at them under a
 

559
00:12:02,240 --> 00:12:04,470
of one field i can look at them under a
stereo microscope

560
00:12:04,470 --> 00:12:04,480
stereo microscope
 

561
00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:05,509
stereo microscope
and

562
00:12:05,509 --> 00:12:05,519
and
 

563
00:12:05,519 --> 00:12:08,470
and
detect images that appear to float in

564
00:12:08,470 --> 00:12:08,480
detect images that appear to float in
 

565
00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:10,710
detect images that appear to float in
three in a 3d effect

566
00:12:10,710 --> 00:12:10,720
three in a 3d effect
 

567
00:12:10,720 --> 00:12:13,190
three in a 3d effect
the stars lie down nice and flat the

568
00:12:13,190 --> 00:12:13,200
the stars lie down nice and flat the
 

569
00:12:13,200 --> 00:12:14,550
the stars lie down nice and flat the
galaxies

570
00:12:14,550 --> 00:12:14,560
galaxies
 

571
00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:16,389
galaxies
lie down nice and flat

572
00:12:16,389 --> 00:12:16,399
lie down nice and flat
 

573
00:12:16,399 --> 00:12:19,590
lie down nice and flat
asteroids and comets appear to float

574
00:12:19,590 --> 00:12:19,600
asteroids and comets appear to float
 

575
00:12:19,600 --> 00:12:22,470
asteroids and comets appear to float
it's a wonderful technique

576
00:12:22,470 --> 00:12:22,480
it's a wonderful technique
 

577
00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:24,710
it's a wonderful technique
during our night of observing

578
00:12:24,710 --> 00:12:24,720
during our night of observing
 

579
00:12:24,720 --> 00:12:25,829
during our night of observing
david

580
00:12:25,829 --> 00:12:25,839
david
 

581
00:12:25,839 --> 00:12:27,030
david
and gene

582
00:12:27,030 --> 00:12:27,040
and gene
 

583
00:12:27,040 --> 00:12:29,430
and gene
are usually up on the observing floor

584
00:12:29,430 --> 00:12:29,440
are usually up on the observing floor
 

585
00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:31,750
are usually up on the observing floor
one of them is guiding this telescope

586
00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:31,760
one of them is guiding this telescope
 

587
00:12:31,760 --> 00:12:34,150
one of them is guiding this telescope
which is open to the sky it's a very

588
00:12:34,150 --> 00:12:34,160
which is open to the sky it's a very
 

589
00:12:34,160 --> 00:12:36,150
which is open to the sky it's a very
old-fashioned technique that isn't used

590
00:12:36,150 --> 00:12:36,160
old-fashioned technique that isn't used
 

591
00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:37,990
old-fashioned technique that isn't used
much anymore

592
00:12:37,990 --> 00:12:38,000
much anymore
 

593
00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:41,590
much anymore
we actually do see the sky as we observe

594
00:12:41,590 --> 00:12:41,600
we actually do see the sky as we observe
 

595
00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:43,910
we actually do see the sky as we observe
one of them is on the telescope

596
00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:43,920
one of them is on the telescope
 

597
00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:46,629
one of them is on the telescope
guiding the other one is busy putting

598
00:12:46,629 --> 00:12:46,639
guiding the other one is busy putting
 

599
00:12:46,639 --> 00:12:48,949
guiding the other one is busy putting
the person on the telescope on the right

600
00:12:48,949 --> 00:12:48,959
the person on the telescope on the right
 

601
00:12:48,959 --> 00:12:50,069
the person on the telescope on the right
field

602
00:12:50,069 --> 00:12:50,079
field
 

603
00:12:50,079 --> 00:12:52,389
field
changing the film going up and down

604
00:12:52,389 --> 00:12:52,399
changing the film going up and down
 

605
00:12:52,399 --> 00:12:55,430
changing the film going up and down
stairs and then setting up

606
00:12:55,430 --> 00:12:55,440
stairs and then setting up
 

607
00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:57,590
stairs and then setting up
helping set up the telescope for the

608
00:12:57,590 --> 00:12:57,600
helping set up the telescope for the
 

609
00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:01,350
helping set up the telescope for the
next observation

610
00:13:01,350 --> 00:13:01,360

 

611
00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:03,990

every four fields they

612
00:13:03,990 --> 00:13:04,000
every four fields they
 

613
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:04,710
every four fields they
take

614
00:13:04,710 --> 00:13:04,720
take
 

615
00:13:04,720 --> 00:13:06,790
take
their own turn in

616
00:13:06,790 --> 00:13:06,800
their own turn in
 

617
00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:09,509
their own turn in
one changes and gets on the telescope

618
00:13:09,509 --> 00:13:09,519
one changes and gets on the telescope
 

619
00:13:09,519 --> 00:13:10,870
one changes and gets on the telescope
and the other one

620
00:13:10,870 --> 00:13:10,880
and the other one
 

621
00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:14,150
and the other one
does the running up and down the stairs

622
00:13:14,150 --> 00:13:14,160
does the running up and down the stairs
 

623
00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:16,389
does the running up and down the stairs
after about eight fields

624
00:13:16,389 --> 00:13:16,399
after about eight fields
 

625
00:13:16,399 --> 00:13:19,190
after about eight fields
i usually develop the films

626
00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:19,200
i usually develop the films
 

627
00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:22,230
i usually develop the films
and after i finish developing the films

628
00:13:22,230 --> 00:13:22,240
and after i finish developing the films
 

629
00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:23,430
and after i finish developing the films
i scan

630
00:13:23,430 --> 00:13:23,440
i scan
 

631
00:13:23,440 --> 00:13:26,230
i scan
any of those that are dry so that's our

632
00:13:26,230 --> 00:13:26,240
any of those that are dry so that's our
 

633
00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:28,150
any of those that are dry so that's our
general procedure

634
00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:28,160
general procedure
 

635
00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:31,350
general procedure
but on that dark and stormy night

636
00:13:31,350 --> 00:13:31,360
but on that dark and stormy night
 

637
00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:33,190
but on that dark and stormy night
we were not able to do that sort of

638
00:13:33,190 --> 00:13:33,200
we were not able to do that sort of
 

639
00:13:33,200 --> 00:13:35,750
we were not able to do that sort of
thing we were i was scanning fields

640
00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:35,760
thing we were i was scanning fields
 

641
00:13:35,760 --> 00:13:37,269
thing we were i was scanning fields
trying to catch up

642
00:13:37,269 --> 00:13:37,279
trying to catch up
 

643
00:13:37,279 --> 00:13:39,430
trying to catch up
with what we had already taken and the

644
00:13:39,430 --> 00:13:39,440
with what we had already taken and the
 

645
00:13:39,440 --> 00:13:41,269
with what we had already taken and the
others were doing their usual thing

646
00:13:41,269 --> 00:13:41,279
others were doing their usual thing
 

647
00:13:41,279 --> 00:13:43,110
others were doing their usual thing
david writes books

648
00:13:43,110 --> 00:13:43,120
david writes books
 

649
00:13:43,120 --> 00:13:45,269
david writes books
gene was busy with office work of some

650
00:13:45,269 --> 00:13:45,279
gene was busy with office work of some
 

651
00:13:45,279 --> 00:13:48,870
gene was busy with office work of some
sort and philippe was also there and

652
00:13:48,870 --> 00:13:48,880
sort and philippe was also there and
 

653
00:13:48,880 --> 00:13:51,509
sort and philippe was also there and
i was trying to be careful if i clear my

654
00:13:51,509 --> 00:13:51,519
i was trying to be careful if i clear my
 

655
00:13:51,519 --> 00:13:53,509
i was trying to be careful if i clear my
throat or cough a little they all snap

656
00:13:53,509 --> 00:13:53,519
throat or cough a little they all snap
 

657
00:13:53,519 --> 00:13:56,949
throat or cough a little they all snap
to attention and say what have you found

658
00:13:56,949 --> 00:13:56,959
to attention and say what have you found
 

659
00:13:56,959 --> 00:13:58,150
to attention and say what have you found
well

660
00:13:58,150 --> 00:13:58,160
well
 

661
00:13:58,160 --> 00:14:00,150
well
that that night i

662
00:14:00,150 --> 00:14:00,160
that that night i
 

663
00:14:00,160 --> 00:14:02,470
that that night i
had just finished my usual litany when

664
00:14:02,470 --> 00:14:02,480
had just finished my usual litany when
 

665
00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:04,790
had just finished my usual litany when
i'm beginning to feel desperate i was at

666
00:14:04,790 --> 00:14:04,800
i'm beginning to feel desperate i was at
 

667
00:14:04,800 --> 00:14:06,870
i'm beginning to feel desperate i was at
the at the end of the

668
00:14:06,870 --> 00:14:06,880
the at the end of the
 

669
00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:09,350
the at the end of the
coming close to the end of the films

670
00:14:09,350 --> 00:14:09,360
coming close to the end of the films
 

671
00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:10,710
coming close to the end of the films
that we had taken

672
00:14:10,710 --> 00:14:10,720
that we had taken
 

673
00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:12,870
that we had taken
and i turned to david and said

674
00:14:12,870 --> 00:14:12,880
and i turned to david and said
 

675
00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,389
and i turned to david and said
i used to be a person who found comets

676
00:14:16,389 --> 00:14:16,399
i used to be a person who found comets
 

677
00:14:16,399 --> 00:14:17,350
i used to be a person who found comets
and then

678
00:14:17,350 --> 00:14:17,360
and then
 

679
00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:19,509
and then
that usually helps a little bit and i

680
00:14:19,509 --> 00:14:19,519
that usually helps a little bit and i
 

681
00:14:19,519 --> 00:14:21,910
that usually helps a little bit and i
started to scan the field that had

682
00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:21,920
started to scan the field that had
 

683
00:14:21,920 --> 00:14:23,590
started to scan the field that had
jupiter on it

684
00:14:23,590 --> 00:14:23,600
jupiter on it
 

685
00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:26,629
jupiter on it
for me that's been a lucky field

686
00:14:26,629 --> 00:14:26,639
for me that's been a lucky field
 

687
00:14:26,639 --> 00:14:29,269
for me that's been a lucky field
i found another comet on a jupiter field

688
00:14:29,269 --> 00:14:29,279
i found another comet on a jupiter field
 

689
00:14:29,279 --> 00:14:31,910
i found another comet on a jupiter field
once when i was busy confirming a comet

690
00:14:31,910 --> 00:14:31,920
once when i was busy confirming a comet
 

691
00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,629
once when i was busy confirming a comet
for another observer on that same field

692
00:14:34,629 --> 00:14:34,639
for another observer on that same field
 

693
00:14:34,639 --> 00:14:37,350
for another observer on that same field
so i was hopeful that maybe just maybe

694
00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:37,360
so i was hopeful that maybe just maybe
 

695
00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:39,430
so i was hopeful that maybe just maybe
something would turn up

696
00:14:39,430 --> 00:14:39,440
something would turn up
 

697
00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:42,150
something would turn up
and sure enough halfway down after i'd

698
00:14:42,150 --> 00:14:42,160
and sure enough halfway down after i'd
 

699
00:14:42,160 --> 00:14:44,550
and sure enough halfway down after i'd
come across jupiter and after i had seen

700
00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:44,560
come across jupiter and after i had seen
 

701
00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:47,590
come across jupiter and after i had seen
jupiter's ghost image on the film

702
00:14:47,590 --> 00:14:47,600
jupiter's ghost image on the film
 

703
00:14:47,600 --> 00:14:50,389
jupiter's ghost image on the film
there was a strange looking object

704
00:14:50,389 --> 00:14:50,399
there was a strange looking object
 

705
00:14:50,399 --> 00:14:52,710
there was a strange looking object
i almost went past and then i said

706
00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:52,720
i almost went past and then i said
 

707
00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:54,389
i almost went past and then i said
whoops

708
00:14:54,389 --> 00:14:54,399
whoops
 

709
00:14:54,399 --> 00:14:57,269
whoops
i should go back to that and i i moved

710
00:14:57,269 --> 00:14:57,279
i should go back to that and i i moved
 

711
00:14:57,279 --> 00:14:58,790
i should go back to that and i i moved
the film back

712
00:14:58,790 --> 00:14:58,800
the film back
 

713
00:14:58,800 --> 00:15:01,350
the film back
and looked harder and decided that's not

714
00:15:01,350 --> 00:15:01,360
and looked harder and decided that's not
 

715
00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:03,829
and looked harder and decided that's not
an edge on galaxy because we see

716
00:15:03,829 --> 00:15:03,839
an edge on galaxy because we see
 

717
00:15:03,839 --> 00:15:05,670
an edge on galaxy because we see
galaxy's face on

718
00:15:05,670 --> 00:15:05,680
galaxy's face on
 

719
00:15:05,680 --> 00:15:07,590
galaxy's face on
turned a little cockeyed

720
00:15:07,590 --> 00:15:07,600
turned a little cockeyed
 

721
00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:08,949
turned a little cockeyed
edge on

722
00:15:08,949 --> 00:15:08,959
edge on
 

723
00:15:08,959 --> 00:15:11,670
edge on
but this was not an edge on galaxy it

724
00:15:11,670 --> 00:15:11,680
but this was not an edge on galaxy it
 

725
00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:14,870
but this was not an edge on galaxy it
had coma and tail and most importantly

726
00:15:14,870 --> 00:15:14,880
had coma and tail and most importantly
 

727
00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:16,949
had coma and tail and most importantly
to me it floated

728
00:15:16,949 --> 00:15:16,959
to me it floated
 

729
00:15:16,959 --> 00:15:19,269
to me it floated
it had to float or i wouldn't have seen

730
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:19,279
it had to float or i wouldn't have seen
 

731
00:15:19,279 --> 00:15:21,750
it had to float or i wouldn't have seen
it in my in three dimensions

732
00:15:21,750 --> 00:15:21,760
it in my in three dimensions
 

733
00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:25,110
it in my in three dimensions
and so i knew that was a comet i always

734
00:15:25,110 --> 00:15:25,120
and so i knew that was a comet i always
 

735
00:15:25,120 --> 00:15:27,430
and so i knew that was a comet i always
have this deep inner feeling when i find

736
00:15:27,430 --> 00:15:27,440
have this deep inner feeling when i find
 

737
00:15:27,440 --> 00:15:31,030
have this deep inner feeling when i find
a comet if i have to wonder it isn't

738
00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:31,040
a comet if i have to wonder it isn't
 

739
00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:33,590
a comet if i have to wonder it isn't
in this case i knew i had a comet but it

740
00:15:33,590 --> 00:15:33,600
in this case i knew i had a comet but it
 

741
00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:35,430
in this case i knew i had a comet but it
was strange looking

742
00:15:35,430 --> 00:15:35,440
was strange looking
 

743
00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:38,069
was strange looking
it looked like a bar instead of the

744
00:15:38,069 --> 00:15:38,079
it looked like a bar instead of the
 

745
00:15:38,079 --> 00:15:41,670
it looked like a bar instead of the
usual round halo with an atmosphere or

746
00:15:41,670 --> 00:15:41,680
usual round halo with an atmosphere or
 

747
00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:42,870
usual round halo with an atmosphere or
coma

748
00:15:42,870 --> 00:15:42,880
coma
 

749
00:15:42,880 --> 00:15:44,389
coma
and a tail

750
00:15:44,389 --> 00:15:44,399
and a tail
 

751
00:15:44,399 --> 00:15:46,949
and a tail
it was a bar with coma

752
00:15:46,949 --> 00:15:46,959
it was a bar with coma
 

753
00:15:46,959 --> 00:15:48,629
it was a bar with coma
and tail

754
00:15:48,629 --> 00:15:48,639
and tail
 

755
00:15:48,639 --> 00:15:51,590
and tail
and i thought that that's not natural

756
00:15:51,590 --> 00:15:51,600
and i thought that that's not natural
 

757
00:15:51,600 --> 00:15:53,910
and i thought that that's not natural
i turned to the others because i always

758
00:15:53,910 --> 00:15:53,920
i turned to the others because i always
 

759
00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:55,189
i turned to the others because i always
bring them in

760
00:15:55,189 --> 00:15:55,199
bring them in
 

761
00:15:55,199 --> 00:15:58,470
bring them in
on any discovery as soon as i can

762
00:15:58,470 --> 00:15:58,480
on any discovery as soon as i can
 

763
00:15:58,480 --> 00:16:01,509
on any discovery as soon as i can
it takes all of us working very hard all

764
00:16:01,509 --> 00:16:01,519
it takes all of us working very hard all
 

765
00:16:01,519 --> 00:16:03,030
it takes all of us working very hard all
of the time

766
00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:03,040
of the time
 

767
00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:05,670
of the time
to make these discoveries and it's their

768
00:16:05,670 --> 00:16:05,680
to make these discoveries and it's their
 

769
00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:08,150
to make these discoveries and it's their
discovery as much as mine i'm just lucky

770
00:16:08,150 --> 00:16:08,160
discovery as much as mine i'm just lucky
 

771
00:16:08,160 --> 00:16:10,310
discovery as much as mine i'm just lucky
enough to have seen it first

772
00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:10,320
enough to have seen it first
 

773
00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:12,710
enough to have seen it first
but i wanted them to see it right away

774
00:16:12,710 --> 00:16:12,720
but i wanted them to see it right away
 

775
00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:14,629
but i wanted them to see it right away
and furthermore i wanted them to tell me

776
00:16:14,629 --> 00:16:14,639
and furthermore i wanted them to tell me
 

777
00:16:14,639 --> 00:16:18,150
and furthermore i wanted them to tell me
why it looked like a bar

778
00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:18,160

 

779
00:16:18,160 --> 00:16:19,749

i turned and said

780
00:16:19,749 --> 00:16:19,759
i turned and said
 

781
00:16:19,759 --> 00:16:21,590
i turned and said
i don't know what i've got but it looks

782
00:16:21,590 --> 00:16:21,600
i don't know what i've got but it looks
 

783
00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:24,150
i don't know what i've got but it looks
like a squashed comet and they really

784
00:16:24,150 --> 00:16:24,160
like a squashed comet and they really
 

785
00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:26,069
like a squashed comet and they really
snapped too that time

786
00:16:26,069 --> 00:16:26,079
snapped too that time
 

787
00:16:26,079 --> 00:16:28,710
snapped too that time
and gene rushed over and looked at it

788
00:16:28,710 --> 00:16:28,720
and gene rushed over and looked at it
 

789
00:16:28,720 --> 00:16:31,110
and gene rushed over and looked at it
and looked very puzzled and then david

790
00:16:31,110 --> 00:16:31,120
and looked very puzzled and then david
 

791
00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:33,990
and looked very puzzled and then david
took his turn and was equally confused

792
00:16:33,990 --> 00:16:34,000
took his turn and was equally confused
 

793
00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:36,550
took his turn and was equally confused
and philippe took his turn he was

794
00:16:36,550 --> 00:16:36,560
and philippe took his turn he was
 

795
00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:38,550
and philippe took his turn he was
interested in part because he had been

796
00:16:38,550 --> 00:16:38,560
interested in part because he had been
 

797
00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:41,990
interested in part because he had been
studying for his phd in france the break

798
00:16:41,990 --> 00:16:42,000
studying for his phd in france the break
 

799
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:45,030
studying for his phd in france the break
the not so much the breakup but families

800
00:16:45,030 --> 00:16:45,040
the not so much the breakup but families
 

801
00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:47,189
the not so much the breakup but families
of asteroids which would be caused by

802
00:16:47,189 --> 00:16:47,199
of asteroids which would be caused by
 

803
00:16:47,199 --> 00:16:48,870
of asteroids which would be caused by
breka

804
00:16:48,870 --> 00:16:48,880
breka
 

805
00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:52,230
breka
and we were very very

806
00:16:52,230 --> 00:16:52,240
and we were very very
 

807
00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:54,710
and we were very very
bemused by all this we couldn't imagine

808
00:16:54,710 --> 00:16:54,720
bemused by all this we couldn't imagine
 

809
00:16:54,720 --> 00:16:56,150
bemused by all this we couldn't imagine
what it was

810
00:16:56,150 --> 00:16:56,160
what it was
 

811
00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:59,189
what it was
as as david often says our brains sort

812
00:16:59,189 --> 00:16:59,199
as as david often says our brains sort
 

813
00:16:59,199 --> 00:17:01,350
as as david often says our brains sort
of turn off for a minute we get a rush

814
00:17:01,350 --> 00:17:01,360
of turn off for a minute we get a rush
 

815
00:17:01,360 --> 00:17:04,470
of turn off for a minute we get a rush
of adrenaline and and we were excited

816
00:17:04,470 --> 00:17:04,480
of adrenaline and and we were excited
 

817
00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:06,150
of adrenaline and and we were excited
and we thought we found something

818
00:17:06,150 --> 00:17:06,160
and we thought we found something
 

819
00:17:06,160 --> 00:17:07,990
and we thought we found something
unusual

820
00:17:07,990 --> 00:17:08,000
unusual
 

821
00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:09,990
unusual
so that was the beginning of this

822
00:17:09,990 --> 00:17:10,000
so that was the beginning of this
 

823
00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:12,150
so that was the beginning of this
wonderful event that has led to a

824
00:17:12,150 --> 00:17:12,160
wonderful event that has led to a
 

825
00:17:12,160 --> 00:17:15,510
wonderful event that has led to a
culmination tonight

826
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:15,520
culmination tonight
 

827
00:17:15,520 --> 00:17:16,630
culmination tonight
during this

828
00:17:16,630 --> 00:17:16,640
during this
 

829
00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:18,390
during this
time that has ensued

830
00:17:18,390 --> 00:17:18,400
time that has ensued
 

831
00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:19,590
time that has ensued
we had

832
00:17:19,590 --> 00:17:19,600
we had
 

833
00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:22,390
we had
a vast amount of surprise and excitement

834
00:17:22,390 --> 00:17:22,400
a vast amount of surprise and excitement
 

835
00:17:22,400 --> 00:17:24,309
a vast amount of surprise and excitement
when we first of all discovered that the

836
00:17:24,309 --> 00:17:24,319
when we first of all discovered that the
 

837
00:17:24,319 --> 00:17:25,270
when we first of all discovered that the
comet

838
00:17:25,270 --> 00:17:25,280
comet
 

839
00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:27,829
comet
was in orbit about jupiter that was the

840
00:17:27,829 --> 00:17:27,839
was in orbit about jupiter that was the
 

841
00:17:27,839 --> 00:17:29,830
was in orbit about jupiter that was the
first ever

842
00:17:29,830 --> 00:17:29,840
first ever
 

843
00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:31,750
first ever
and then a couple of months later when

844
00:17:31,750 --> 00:17:31,760
and then a couple of months later when
 

845
00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:33,990
and then a couple of months later when
we discovered that this was a comet that

846
00:17:33,990 --> 00:17:34,000
we discovered that this was a comet that
 

847
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:37,110
we discovered that this was a comet that
was going to actually impact jupiter

848
00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:37,120
was going to actually impact jupiter
 

849
00:17:37,120 --> 00:17:39,830
was going to actually impact jupiter
a first ever a comet scene impacting a

850
00:17:39,830 --> 00:17:39,840
a first ever a comet scene impacting a
 

851
00:17:39,840 --> 00:17:43,750
a first ever a comet scene impacting a
planet that was really exciting

852
00:17:43,750 --> 00:17:43,760
planet that was really exciting
 

853
00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:45,590
planet that was really exciting
i was a little dismayed i'll have to

854
00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:45,600
i was a little dismayed i'll have to
 

855
00:17:45,600 --> 00:17:47,029
i was a little dismayed i'll have to
admit

856
00:17:47,029 --> 00:17:47,039
admit
 

857
00:17:47,039 --> 00:17:48,230
admit
i thought

858
00:17:48,230 --> 00:17:48,240
i thought
 

859
00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:50,470
i thought
i would never lose a comet in such a

860
00:17:50,470 --> 00:17:50,480
i would never lose a comet in such a
 

861
00:17:50,480 --> 00:17:51,990
i would never lose a comet in such a
fashion

862
00:17:51,990 --> 00:17:52,000
fashion
 

863
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:54,390
fashion
i was actually going to lose one of my

864
00:17:54,390 --> 00:17:54,400
i was actually going to lose one of my
 

865
00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:55,750
i was actually going to lose one of my
problems

866
00:17:55,750 --> 00:17:55,760
problems
 

867
00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:57,430
problems
and that that was

868
00:17:57,430 --> 00:17:57,440
and that that was
 

869
00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:00,630
and that that was
a momentary bit of sadness and then i

870
00:18:00,630 --> 00:18:00,640
a momentary bit of sadness and then i
 

871
00:18:00,640 --> 00:18:03,029
a momentary bit of sadness and then i
thought oh but how exciting

872
00:18:03,029 --> 00:18:03,039
thought oh but how exciting
 

873
00:18:03,039 --> 00:18:04,870
thought oh but how exciting
everyone will get to see a comet hit

874
00:18:04,870 --> 00:18:04,880
everyone will get to see a comet hit
 

875
00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:05,990
everyone will get to see a comet hit
jupiter

876
00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:06,000
jupiter
 

877
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:09,110
jupiter
but at that time i had no conception

878
00:18:09,110 --> 00:18:09,120
but at that time i had no conception
 

879
00:18:09,120 --> 00:18:12,070
but at that time i had no conception
of all that was going to ensue i had no

880
00:18:12,070 --> 00:18:12,080
of all that was going to ensue i had no
 

881
00:18:12,080 --> 00:18:15,190
of all that was going to ensue i had no
conception of how much

882
00:18:15,190 --> 00:18:15,200
conception of how much
 

883
00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:17,270
conception of how much
all of us stood to learn

884
00:18:17,270 --> 00:18:17,280
all of us stood to learn
 

885
00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:20,950
all of us stood to learn
about comets about a planet in our solar

886
00:18:20,950 --> 00:18:20,960
about comets about a planet in our solar
 

887
00:18:20,960 --> 00:18:22,070
about comets about a planet in our solar
system

888
00:18:22,070 --> 00:18:22,080
system
 

889
00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:24,230
system
just from the discovery of this

890
00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:24,240
just from the discovery of this
 

891
00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:26,549
just from the discovery of this
particular comet

892
00:18:26,549 --> 00:18:26,559
particular comet
 

893
00:18:26,559 --> 00:18:28,470
particular comet
and that to me has been one of the more

894
00:18:28,470 --> 00:18:28,480
and that to me has been one of the more
 

895
00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:31,510
and that to me has been one of the more
exciting things to see people from many

896
00:18:31,510 --> 00:18:31,520
exciting things to see people from many
 

897
00:18:31,520 --> 00:18:33,990
exciting things to see people from many
different areas and disciplines of

898
00:18:33,990 --> 00:18:34,000
different areas and disciplines of
 

899
00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:36,789
different areas and disciplines of
planetary science and astronomy

900
00:18:36,789 --> 00:18:36,799
planetary science and astronomy
 

901
00:18:36,799 --> 00:18:39,110
planetary science and astronomy
bring together come together with their

902
00:18:39,110 --> 00:18:39,120
bring together come together with their
 

903
00:18:39,120 --> 00:18:41,830
bring together come together with their
knowledge work together to get the most

904
00:18:41,830 --> 00:18:41,840
knowledge work together to get the most
 

905
00:18:41,840 --> 00:18:43,190
knowledge work together to get the most
out of this

906
00:18:43,190 --> 00:18:43,200
out of this
 

907
00:18:43,200 --> 00:18:46,390
out of this
so that that has been a wonderful thing

908
00:18:46,390 --> 00:18:46,400
so that that has been a wonderful thing
 

909
00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:49,190
so that that has been a wonderful thing
and then this afternoon about the time

910
00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:49,200
and then this afternoon about the time
 

911
00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:52,150
and then this afternoon about the time
that i knew that comet was going to

912
00:18:52,150 --> 00:18:52,160
that i knew that comet was going to
 

913
00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:53,830
that i knew that comet was going to
hit jupiter

914
00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:53,840
hit jupiter
 

915
00:18:53,840 --> 00:18:56,310
hit jupiter
fragment a i suddenly discovered i had a

916
00:18:56,310 --> 00:18:56,320
fragment a i suddenly discovered i had a
 

917
00:18:56,320 --> 00:18:59,830
fragment a i suddenly discovered i had a
real emotional attachment to this comet

918
00:18:59,830 --> 00:18:59,840
real emotional attachment to this comet
 

919
00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:02,310
real emotional attachment to this comet
during all this time it's been a thing

920
00:19:02,310 --> 00:19:02,320
during all this time it's been a thing
 

921
00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:05,350
during all this time it's been a thing
of great beauty to me out there

922
00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:05,360
of great beauty to me out there
 

923
00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:09,350
of great beauty to me out there
the first images i saw after jim scotty

924
00:19:09,350 --> 00:19:09,360
the first images i saw after jim scotty
 

925
00:19:09,360 --> 00:19:11,909
the first images i saw after jim scotty
showed us his and after i saw

926
00:19:11,909 --> 00:19:11,919
showed us his and after i saw
 

927
00:19:11,919 --> 00:19:14,150
showed us his and after i saw
dave jewett and jane lose images from

928
00:19:14,150 --> 00:19:14,160
dave jewett and jane lose images from
 

929
00:19:14,160 --> 00:19:15,830
dave jewett and jane lose images from
hawaii

930
00:19:15,830 --> 00:19:15,840
hawaii
 

931
00:19:15,840 --> 00:19:17,590
hawaii
just

932
00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:17,600
just
 

933
00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,470
just
captured my imagination and and that

934
00:19:20,470 --> 00:19:20,480
captured my imagination and and that
 

935
00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:23,270
captured my imagination and and that
image has been there ever since and yet

936
00:19:23,270 --> 00:19:23,280
image has been there ever since and yet
 

937
00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:25,510
image has been there ever since and yet
here it was fragment a was going to hit

938
00:19:25,510 --> 00:19:25,520
here it was fragment a was going to hit
 

939
00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:27,029
here it was fragment a was going to hit
jupiter

940
00:19:27,029 --> 00:19:27,039
jupiter
 

941
00:19:27,039 --> 00:19:29,510
jupiter
and i'll have to admit i i had a

942
00:19:29,510 --> 00:19:29,520
and i'll have to admit i i had a
 

943
00:19:29,520 --> 00:19:31,990
and i'll have to admit i i had a
momentary tear at the

944
00:19:31,990 --> 00:19:32,000
momentary tear at the
 

945
00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:34,150
momentary tear at the
very prospect when i knew that moment

946
00:19:34,150 --> 00:19:34,160
very prospect when i knew that moment
 

947
00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:37,590
very prospect when i knew that moment
had happened well that's gone

948
00:19:37,590 --> 00:19:37,600
had happened well that's gone
 

949
00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:38,630
had happened well that's gone
but

950
00:19:38,630 --> 00:19:38,640
but
 

951
00:19:38,640 --> 00:19:41,110
but
just a few hours later than the sudden

952
00:19:41,110 --> 00:19:41,120
just a few hours later than the sudden
 

953
00:19:41,120 --> 00:19:44,950
just a few hours later than the sudden
news of actually seeing something from

954
00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:44,960
news of actually seeing something from
 

955
00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:47,270
news of actually seeing something from
spain and from chile

956
00:19:47,270 --> 00:19:47,280
spain and from chile
 

957
00:19:47,280 --> 00:19:49,669
spain and from chile
that's that's terrifically exciting all

958
00:19:49,669 --> 00:19:49,679
that's that's terrifically exciting all
 

959
00:19:49,679 --> 00:19:52,470
that's that's terrifically exciting all
i could say was right and

960
00:19:52,470 --> 00:19:52,480
i could say was right and
 

961
00:19:52,480 --> 00:19:54,070
i could say was right and
and so

962
00:19:54,070 --> 00:19:54,080
and so
 

963
00:19:54,080 --> 00:19:55,590
and so
that is one of the

964
00:19:55,590 --> 00:19:55,600
that is one of the
 

965
00:19:55,600 --> 00:19:57,029
that is one of the
phases

966
00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:57,039
phases
 

967
00:19:57,039 --> 00:19:59,430
phases
of this whole commentary experience i

968
00:19:59,430 --> 00:19:59,440
of this whole commentary experience i
 

969
00:19:59,440 --> 00:20:01,590
of this whole commentary experience i
think that has been wonderful for all of

970
00:20:01,590 --> 00:20:01,600
think that has been wonderful for all of
 

971
00:20:01,600 --> 00:20:02,870
think that has been wonderful for all of
us

972
00:20:02,870 --> 00:20:02,880
us
 

973
00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:05,669
us
now i'd like to turn the making over

974
00:20:05,669 --> 00:20:05,679
now i'd like to turn the making over
 

975
00:20:05,679 --> 00:20:08,150
now i'd like to turn the making over
to david levy who is a

976
00:20:08,150 --> 00:20:08,160
to david levy who is a
 

977
00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:10,230
to david levy who is a
well-known writer

978
00:20:10,230 --> 00:20:10,240
well-known writer
 

979
00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:13,350
well-known writer
particularly about astronomical things a

980
00:20:13,350 --> 00:20:13,360
particularly about astronomical things a
 

981
00:20:13,360 --> 00:20:14,470
particularly about astronomical things a
lecture

982
00:20:14,470 --> 00:20:14,480
lecture
 

983
00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:16,630
lecture
and a very close colleague

984
00:20:16,630 --> 00:20:16,640
and a very close colleague
 

985
00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:19,110
and a very close colleague
thanks carolyn that is a tough act to

986
00:20:19,110 --> 00:20:19,120
thanks carolyn that is a tough act to
 

987
00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:24,150
thanks carolyn that is a tough act to
follow you just said congratulations

988
00:20:24,150 --> 00:20:24,160

 

989
00:20:24,160 --> 00:20:27,830

i think the exciting thing about tonight

990
00:20:27,830 --> 00:20:27,840
i think the exciting thing about tonight
 

991
00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:29,350
i think the exciting thing about tonight
is that

992
00:20:29,350 --> 00:20:29,360
is that
 

993
00:20:29,360 --> 00:20:31,430
is that
once in a generation

994
00:20:31,430 --> 00:20:31,440
once in a generation
 

995
00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:33,830
once in a generation
we get one of those if we're lucky if

996
00:20:33,830 --> 00:20:33,840
we get one of those if we're lucky if
 

997
00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:35,830
we get one of those if we're lucky if
we're lucky we get one of those rare

998
00:20:35,830 --> 00:20:35,840
we're lucky we get one of those rare
 

999
00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:37,110
we're lucky we get one of those rare
moments

1000
00:20:37,110 --> 00:20:37,120
moments
 

1001
00:20:37,120 --> 00:20:39,590
moments
when science

1002
00:20:39,590 --> 00:20:39,600
when science
 

1003
00:20:39,600 --> 00:20:41,430
when science
stops for a moment

1004
00:20:41,430 --> 00:20:41,440
stops for a moment
 

1005
00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:43,590
stops for a moment
turns on its ear and gives us something

1006
00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:43,600
turns on its ear and gives us something
 

1007
00:20:43,600 --> 00:20:45,990
turns on its ear and gives us something
really really special

1008
00:20:45,990 --> 00:20:46,000
really really special
 

1009
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:49,750
really really special
in the early 1950s the discovery of dna

1010
00:20:49,750 --> 00:20:49,760
in the early 1950s the discovery of dna
 

1011
00:20:49,760 --> 00:20:52,310
in the early 1950s the discovery of dna
did so much to

1012
00:20:52,310 --> 00:20:52,320
did so much to
 

1013
00:20:52,320 --> 00:20:53,990
did so much to
it was a discovery

1014
00:20:53,990 --> 00:20:54,000
it was a discovery
 

1015
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:56,470
it was a discovery
and we learned an awful lot but the real

1016
00:20:56,470 --> 00:20:56,480
and we learned an awful lot but the real
 

1017
00:20:56,480 --> 00:20:58,950
and we learned an awful lot but the real
thing that that discovery did was that

1018
00:20:58,950 --> 00:20:58,960
thing that that discovery did was that
 

1019
00:20:58,960 --> 00:21:02,310
thing that that discovery did was that
everyone who was young at that time

1020
00:21:02,310 --> 00:21:02,320
everyone who was young at that time
 

1021
00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:03,750
everyone who was young at that time
looked at all the news about the

1022
00:21:03,750 --> 00:21:03,760
looked at all the news about the
 

1023
00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:05,350
looked at all the news about the
discovery

1024
00:21:05,350 --> 00:21:05,360
discovery
 

1025
00:21:05,360 --> 00:21:07,909
discovery
studied it and they said science is

1026
00:21:07,909 --> 00:21:07,919
studied it and they said science is
 

1027
00:21:07,919 --> 00:21:10,390
studied it and they said science is
fabulous you can you can uncover the

1028
00:21:10,390 --> 00:21:10,400
fabulous you can you can uncover the
 

1029
00:21:10,400 --> 00:21:12,070
fabulous you can you can uncover the
mysteries of life

1030
00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:12,080
mysteries of life
 

1031
00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:14,230
mysteries of life
when you get discoveries like this

1032
00:21:14,230 --> 00:21:14,240
when you get discoveries like this
 

1033
00:21:14,240 --> 00:21:17,190
when you get discoveries like this
in 1969 there was the apollo 11 moon

1034
00:21:17,190 --> 00:21:17,200
in 1969 there was the apollo 11 moon
 

1035
00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:20,070
in 1969 there was the apollo 11 moon
landing almost exactly 25 years ago

1036
00:21:20,070 --> 00:21:20,080
landing almost exactly 25 years ago
 

1037
00:21:20,080 --> 00:21:22,710
landing almost exactly 25 years ago
that another generation paused for a

1038
00:21:22,710 --> 00:21:22,720
that another generation paused for a
 

1039
00:21:22,720 --> 00:21:25,909
that another generation paused for a
moment i remember at a summer camp in

1040
00:21:25,909 --> 00:21:25,919
moment i remember at a summer camp in
 

1041
00:21:25,919 --> 00:21:28,789
moment i remember at a summer camp in
lake placid we had about 160 people

1042
00:21:28,789 --> 00:21:28,799
lake placid we had about 160 people
 

1043
00:21:28,799 --> 00:21:32,630
lake placid we had about 160 people
watching a television set about this big

1044
00:21:32,630 --> 00:21:32,640
watching a television set about this big
 

1045
00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:34,149
watching a television set about this big
watching the

1046
00:21:34,149 --> 00:21:34,159
watching the
 

1047
00:21:34,159 --> 00:21:36,789
watching the
watching that first small step take

1048
00:21:36,789 --> 00:21:36,799
watching that first small step take
 

1049
00:21:36,799 --> 00:21:37,590
watching that first small step take
place

1050
00:21:37,590 --> 00:21:37,600
place
 

1051
00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:39,350
place
and the youngest people in that audience

1052
00:21:39,350 --> 00:21:39,360
and the youngest people in that audience
 

1053
00:21:39,360 --> 00:21:40,390
and the youngest people in that audience
were

1054
00:21:40,390 --> 00:21:40,400
were
 

1055
00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:41,510
were
couldn't have been

1056
00:21:41,510 --> 00:21:41,520
couldn't have been
 

1057
00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:43,190
couldn't have been
seven years old

1058
00:21:43,190 --> 00:21:43,200
seven years old
 

1059
00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:45,350
seven years old
and the entire camp was there

1060
00:21:45,350 --> 00:21:45,360
and the entire camp was there
 

1061
00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:46,149
and the entire camp was there
for

1062
00:21:46,149 --> 00:21:46,159
for
 

1063
00:21:46,159 --> 00:21:49,669
for
four hours and nobody said anything

1064
00:21:49,669 --> 00:21:49,679
four hours and nobody said anything
 

1065
00:21:49,679 --> 00:21:51,510
four hours and nobody said anything
everybody was

1066
00:21:51,510 --> 00:21:51,520
everybody was
 

1067
00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:53,669
everybody was
absolutely quiet because

1068
00:21:53,669 --> 00:21:53,679
absolutely quiet because
 

1069
00:21:53,679 --> 00:21:55,669
absolutely quiet because
this was we knew that this this was one

1070
00:21:55,669 --> 00:21:55,679
this was we knew that this this was one
 

1071
00:21:55,679 --> 00:21:57,510
this was we knew that this this was one
of those moments

1072
00:21:57,510 --> 00:21:57,520
of those moments
 

1073
00:21:57,520 --> 00:21:59,669
of those moments
there have been other moments as well

1074
00:21:59,669 --> 00:21:59,679
there have been other moments as well
 

1075
00:21:59,679 --> 00:22:01,750
there have been other moments as well
but i'm really beginning to think that

1076
00:22:01,750 --> 00:22:01,760
but i'm really beginning to think that
 

1077
00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:05,350
but i'm really beginning to think that
the impact of a comet on jupiter

1078
00:22:05,350 --> 00:22:05,360
the impact of a comet on jupiter
 

1079
00:22:05,360 --> 00:22:07,990
the impact of a comet on jupiter
can be one such moment a moment with the

1080
00:22:07,990 --> 00:22:08,000
can be one such moment a moment with the
 

1081
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:09,190
can be one such moment a moment with the
power

1082
00:22:09,190 --> 00:22:09,200
power
 

1083
00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:10,549
power
to

1084
00:22:10,549 --> 00:22:10,559
to
 

1085
00:22:10,559 --> 00:22:11,350
to
to

1086
00:22:11,350 --> 00:22:11,360
to
 

1087
00:22:11,360 --> 00:22:13,909
to
to have science say to the world it's

1088
00:22:13,909 --> 00:22:13,919
to have science say to the world it's
 

1089
00:22:13,919 --> 00:22:14,870
to have science say to the world it's
fun

1090
00:22:14,870 --> 00:22:14,880
fun
 

1091
00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:17,190
fun
to study science

1092
00:22:17,190 --> 00:22:17,200
to study science
 

1093
00:22:17,200 --> 00:22:19,750
to study science
nature every now and then throws us a

1094
00:22:19,750 --> 00:22:19,760
nature every now and then throws us a
 

1095
00:22:19,760 --> 00:22:20,630
nature every now and then throws us a
real

1096
00:22:20,630 --> 00:22:20,640
real
 

1097
00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:23,430
real
ball that we can shoot out of the park

1098
00:22:23,430 --> 00:22:23,440
ball that we can shoot out of the park
 

1099
00:22:23,440 --> 00:22:25,270
ball that we can shoot out of the park
and i think this is what's happening

1100
00:22:25,270 --> 00:22:25,280
and i think this is what's happening
 

1101
00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:29,029
and i think this is what's happening
here cometary impacts have had enormous

1102
00:22:29,029 --> 00:22:29,039
here cometary impacts have had enormous
 

1103
00:22:29,039 --> 00:22:32,230
here cometary impacts have had enormous
influence on our past

1104
00:22:32,230 --> 00:22:32,240
influence on our past
 

1105
00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:35,430
influence on our past
uh it is very likely that they provided

1106
00:22:35,430 --> 00:22:35,440
uh it is very likely that they provided
 

1107
00:22:35,440 --> 00:22:37,669
uh it is very likely that they provided
commentary impacts provided the water

1108
00:22:37,669 --> 00:22:37,679
commentary impacts provided the water
 

1109
00:22:37,679 --> 00:22:40,310
commentary impacts provided the water
that is on the earth right now it is

1110
00:22:40,310 --> 00:22:40,320
that is on the earth right now it is
 

1111
00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:42,310
that is on the earth right now it is
likely that they provided the building

1112
00:22:42,310 --> 00:22:42,320
likely that they provided the building
 

1113
00:22:42,320 --> 00:22:44,549
likely that they provided the building
blocks of life the simple alphabet of

1114
00:22:44,549 --> 00:22:44,559
blocks of life the simple alphabet of
 

1115
00:22:44,559 --> 00:22:47,990
blocks of life the simple alphabet of
life c-h-o-n carbon hydrogen oxygen and

1116
00:22:47,990 --> 00:22:48,000
life c-h-o-n carbon hydrogen oxygen and
 

1117
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:49,669
life c-h-o-n carbon hydrogen oxygen and
nitrogen

1118
00:22:49,669 --> 00:22:49,679
nitrogen
 

1119
00:22:49,679 --> 00:22:51,430
nitrogen
a comet hitting the earth may be an

1120
00:22:51,430 --> 00:22:51,440
a comet hitting the earth may be an
 

1121
00:22:51,440 --> 00:22:54,310
a comet hitting the earth may be an
asteroid hitting the earth 65 million

1122
00:22:54,310 --> 00:22:54,320
asteroid hitting the earth 65 million
 

1123
00:22:54,320 --> 00:22:55,590
asteroid hitting the earth 65 million
years ago

1124
00:22:55,590 --> 00:22:55,600
years ago
 

1125
00:22:55,600 --> 00:22:57,669
years ago
probably led to the demise of more than

1126
00:22:57,669 --> 00:22:57,679
probably led to the demise of more than
 

1127
00:22:57,679 --> 00:22:59,750
probably led to the demise of more than
70 percent of the species of life on

1128
00:22:59,750 --> 00:22:59,760
70 percent of the species of life on
 

1129
00:22:59,760 --> 00:23:03,669
70 percent of the species of life on
earth including the dinosaurs

1130
00:23:03,669 --> 00:23:03,679
earth including the dinosaurs
 

1131
00:23:03,679 --> 00:23:05,990
earth including the dinosaurs
we have seen the results of comet

1132
00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:06,000
we have seen the results of comet
 

1133
00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:07,430
we have seen the results of comet
impacts

1134
00:23:07,430 --> 00:23:07,440
impacts
 

1135
00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:09,750
impacts
i think we being here is one of those

1136
00:23:09,750 --> 00:23:09,760
i think we being here is one of those
 

1137
00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:11,270
i think we being here is one of those
results

1138
00:23:11,270 --> 00:23:11,280
results
 

1139
00:23:11,280 --> 00:23:13,029
results
we have seen if you go outside and look

1140
00:23:13,029 --> 00:23:13,039
we have seen if you go outside and look
 

1141
00:23:13,039 --> 00:23:15,350
we have seen if you go outside and look
at the moon on any clear night with a

1142
00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:15,360
at the moon on any clear night with a
 

1143
00:23:15,360 --> 00:23:16,950
at the moon on any clear night with a
pair of binoculars you'll see enough

1144
00:23:16,950 --> 00:23:16,960
pair of binoculars you'll see enough
 

1145
00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:19,830
pair of binoculars you'll see enough
craters impact craters that gene has

1146
00:23:19,830 --> 00:23:19,840
craters impact craters that gene has
 

1147
00:23:19,840 --> 00:23:21,510
craters impact craters that gene has
studied in his life

1148
00:23:21,510 --> 00:23:21,520
studied in his life
 

1149
00:23:21,520 --> 00:23:23,510
studied in his life
that you will

1150
00:23:23,510 --> 00:23:23,520
that you will
 

1151
00:23:23,520 --> 00:23:25,510
that you will
be able to see that the earth and the

1152
00:23:25,510 --> 00:23:25,520
be able to see that the earth and the
 

1153
00:23:25,520 --> 00:23:27,350
be able to see that the earth and the
moon have been hit by craters throughout

1154
00:23:27,350 --> 00:23:27,360
moon have been hit by craters throughout
 

1155
00:23:27,360 --> 00:23:28,789
moon have been hit by craters throughout
their history

1156
00:23:28,789 --> 00:23:28,799
their history
 

1157
00:23:28,799 --> 00:23:30,950
their history
we've seen all this we understand a

1158
00:23:30,950 --> 00:23:30,960
we've seen all this we understand a
 

1159
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:33,270
we've seen all this we understand a
little bit about it what we haven't seen

1160
00:23:33,270 --> 00:23:33,280
little bit about it what we haven't seen
 

1161
00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:35,350
little bit about it what we haven't seen
is an actual impact take place i'll

1162
00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:35,360
is an actual impact take place i'll
 

1163
00:23:35,360 --> 00:23:36,470
is an actual impact take place i'll
never forget

1164
00:23:36,470 --> 00:23:36,480
never forget
 

1165
00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:39,110
never forget
may 22nd it was my birthday we were all

1166
00:23:39,110 --> 00:23:39,120
may 22nd it was my birthday we were all
 

1167
00:23:39,120 --> 00:23:40,789
may 22nd it was my birthday we were all
at palomar mountain

1168
00:23:40,789 --> 00:23:40,799
at palomar mountain
 

1169
00:23:40,799 --> 00:23:42,149
at palomar mountain
carolyn is

1170
00:23:42,149 --> 00:23:42,159
carolyn is
 

1171
00:23:42,159 --> 00:23:43,029
carolyn is
is

1172
00:23:43,029 --> 00:23:43,039
is
 

1173
00:23:43,039 --> 00:23:44,950
is
scanning for comments it is actually a

1174
00:23:44,950 --> 00:23:44,960
scanning for comments it is actually a
 

1175
00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:46,789
scanning for comments it is actually a
scam that would have proved successful

1176
00:23:46,789 --> 00:23:46,799
scam that would have proved successful
 

1177
00:23:46,799 --> 00:23:49,029
scam that would have proved successful
in the next few hours when she found our

1178
00:23:49,029 --> 00:23:49,039
in the next few hours when she found our
 

1179
00:23:49,039 --> 00:23:50,390
in the next few hours when she found our
next comment

1180
00:23:50,390 --> 00:23:50,400
next comment
 

1181
00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:52,549
next comment
jean was in the dark room getting ready

1182
00:23:52,549 --> 00:23:52,559
jean was in the dark room getting ready
 

1183
00:23:52,559 --> 00:23:54,789
jean was in the dark room getting ready
for our observing that night and i was

1184
00:23:54,789 --> 00:23:54,799
for our observing that night and i was
 

1185
00:23:54,799 --> 00:23:56,230
for our observing that night and i was
checking the mail to see if there were

1186
00:23:56,230 --> 00:23:56,240
checking the mail to see if there were
 

1187
00:23:56,240 --> 00:23:58,230
checking the mail to see if there were
any interesting objects that we would

1188
00:23:58,230 --> 00:23:58,240
any interesting objects that we would
 

1189
00:23:58,240 --> 00:24:00,950
any interesting objects that we would
have to observe that night to follow up

1190
00:24:00,950 --> 00:24:00,960
have to observe that night to follow up
 

1191
00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:03,669
have to observe that night to follow up
new discoveries some things like that

1192
00:24:03,669 --> 00:24:03,679
new discoveries some things like that
 

1193
00:24:03,679 --> 00:24:06,230
new discoveries some things like that
and i logged into the email there were

1194
00:24:06,230 --> 00:24:06,240
and i logged into the email there were
 

1195
00:24:06,240 --> 00:24:08,070
and i logged into the email there were
two circulars from the central bureau

1196
00:24:08,070 --> 00:24:08,080
two circulars from the central bureau
 

1197
00:24:08,080 --> 00:24:10,390
two circulars from the central bureau
for astronomical telegrams

1198
00:24:10,390 --> 00:24:10,400
for astronomical telegrams
 

1199
00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:11,269
for astronomical telegrams
and

1200
00:24:11,269 --> 00:24:11,279
and
 

1201
00:24:11,279 --> 00:24:14,310
and
i read the first one and my jaw fell on

1202
00:24:14,310 --> 00:24:14,320
i read the first one and my jaw fell on
 

1203
00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:15,990
i read the first one and my jaw fell on
the floor

1204
00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:16,000
the floor
 

1205
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:17,190
the floor
it announced that there was a good

1206
00:24:17,190 --> 00:24:17,200
it announced that there was a good
 

1207
00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:19,909
it announced that there was a good
possibility that comet shoemaker levy 9

1208
00:24:19,909 --> 00:24:19,919
possibility that comet shoemaker levy 9
 

1209
00:24:19,919 --> 00:24:21,909
possibility that comet shoemaker levy 9
would be hitting jupiter in july of

1210
00:24:21,909 --> 00:24:21,919
would be hitting jupiter in july of
 

1211
00:24:21,919 --> 00:24:23,909
would be hitting jupiter in july of
1994.

1212
00:24:23,909 --> 00:24:23,919
1994.
 

1213
00:24:23,919 --> 00:24:24,870
1994.
and

1214
00:24:24,870 --> 00:24:24,880
and
 

1215
00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:27,350
and
i said that i i said

1216
00:24:27,350 --> 00:24:27,360
i said that i i said
 

1217
00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:29,510
i said that i i said
our comet's going to hit jupiter

1218
00:24:29,510 --> 00:24:29,520
our comet's going to hit jupiter
 

1219
00:24:29,520 --> 00:24:32,390
our comet's going to hit jupiter
jean has spent his entire life studying

1220
00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:32,400
jean has spent his entire life studying
 

1221
00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,029
jean has spent his entire life studying
impacts from his phd thesis to prove

1222
00:24:35,029 --> 00:24:35,039
impacts from his phd thesis to prove
 

1223
00:24:35,039 --> 00:24:37,430
impacts from his phd thesis to prove
that media crater was the result of an

1224
00:24:37,430 --> 00:24:37,440
that media crater was the result of an
 

1225
00:24:37,440 --> 00:24:38,390
that media crater was the result of an
impact

1226
00:24:38,390 --> 00:24:38,400
impact
 

1227
00:24:38,400 --> 00:24:40,070
impact
from the work he did on the apollo

1228
00:24:40,070 --> 00:24:40,080
from the work he did on the apollo
 

1229
00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:42,070
from the work he did on the apollo
program from the work he's done for the

1230
00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:42,080
program from the work he's done for the
 

1231
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:45,350
program from the work he's done for the
last 25 the last 15 years

1232
00:24:45,350 --> 00:24:45,360
last 25 the last 15 years
 

1233
00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:48,390
last 25 the last 15 years
studying not the craters so much as the

1234
00:24:48,390 --> 00:24:48,400
studying not the craters so much as the
 

1235
00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:50,310
studying not the craters so much as the
objects that sometimes make the craters

1236
00:24:50,310 --> 00:24:50,320
objects that sometimes make the craters
 

1237
00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:52,230
objects that sometimes make the craters
the comets and the asteroids

1238
00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:52,240
the comets and the asteroids
 

1239
00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:53,990
the comets and the asteroids
and here he is in the dark room and i

1240
00:24:53,990 --> 00:24:54,000
and here he is in the dark room and i
 

1241
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:55,269
and here he is in the dark room and i
just told him that we're going to see an

1242
00:24:55,269 --> 00:24:55,279
just told him that we're going to see an
 

1243
00:24:55,279 --> 00:24:58,070
just told him that we're going to see an
impact on jupiter and i heard this

1244
00:24:58,070 --> 00:24:58,080
impact on jupiter and i heard this
 

1245
00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:01,269
impact on jupiter and i heard this
slamming of doors and closing of lids as

1246
00:25:01,269 --> 00:25:01,279
slamming of doors and closing of lids as
 

1247
00:25:01,279 --> 00:25:03,750
slamming of doors and closing of lids as
he's trying to save the film before he

1248
00:25:03,750 --> 00:25:03,760
he's trying to save the film before he
 

1249
00:25:03,760 --> 00:25:05,909
he's trying to save the film before he
throws the dark room door open pushes me

1250
00:25:05,909 --> 00:25:05,919
throws the dark room door open pushes me
 

1251
00:25:05,919 --> 00:25:07,750
throws the dark room door open pushes me
out of my computer chair and sits down

1252
00:25:07,750 --> 00:25:07,760
out of my computer chair and sits down
 

1253
00:25:07,760 --> 00:25:09,909
out of my computer chair and sits down
looks at my screen and says

1254
00:25:09,909 --> 00:25:09,919
looks at my screen and says
 

1255
00:25:09,919 --> 00:25:12,149
looks at my screen and says
i don't believe it we are going to see

1256
00:25:12,149 --> 00:25:12,159
i don't believe it we are going to see
 

1257
00:25:12,159 --> 00:25:12,830
i don't believe it we are going to see
an

1258
00:25:12,830 --> 00:25:12,840
an
 

1259
00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:15,510
an
impact and

1260
00:25:15,510 --> 00:25:15,520
impact and
 

1261
00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:18,149
impact and
since may 22nd of last year it has been

1262
00:25:18,149 --> 00:25:18,159
since may 22nd of last year it has been
 

1263
00:25:18,159 --> 00:25:20,870
since may 22nd of last year it has been
just one excitement after another

1264
00:25:20,870 --> 00:25:20,880
just one excitement after another
 

1265
00:25:20,880 --> 00:25:23,350
just one excitement after another
this is not a comet just for the

1266
00:25:23,350 --> 00:25:23,360
this is not a comet just for the
 

1267
00:25:23,360 --> 00:25:25,110
this is not a comet just for the
professional scientists this is

1268
00:25:25,110 --> 00:25:25,120
professional scientists this is
 

1269
00:25:25,120 --> 00:25:28,070
professional scientists this is
everybody's comment

1270
00:25:28,070 --> 00:25:28,080
everybody's comment
 

1271
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:30,149
everybody's comment
we've heard a lot that you're not going

1272
00:25:30,149 --> 00:25:30,159
we've heard a lot that you're not going
 

1273
00:25:30,159 --> 00:25:32,230
we've heard a lot that you're not going
to see anything with the small telescope

1274
00:25:32,230 --> 00:25:32,240
to see anything with the small telescope
 

1275
00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:33,990
to see anything with the small telescope
that you buy at a store or that you

1276
00:25:33,990 --> 00:25:34,000
that you buy at a store or that you
 

1277
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:35,830
that you buy at a store or that you
build yourself

1278
00:25:35,830 --> 00:25:35,840
build yourself
 

1279
00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:37,190
build yourself
that's true

1280
00:25:37,190 --> 00:25:37,200
that's true
 

1281
00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:39,190
that's true
you're not going to see jupiter

1282
00:25:39,190 --> 00:25:39,200
you're not going to see jupiter
 

1283
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:41,269
you're not going to see jupiter
show major changes from this impact but

1284
00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:41,279
show major changes from this impact but
 

1285
00:25:41,279 --> 00:25:42,710
show major changes from this impact but
you don't have to

1286
00:25:42,710 --> 00:25:42,720
you don't have to
 

1287
00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:44,549
you don't have to
that's why we have a fabulous hubble

1288
00:25:44,549 --> 00:25:44,559
that's why we have a fabulous hubble
 

1289
00:25:44,559 --> 00:25:47,029
that's why we have a fabulous hubble
space telescope that's why we have the

1290
00:25:47,029 --> 00:25:47,039
space telescope that's why we have the
 

1291
00:25:47,039 --> 00:25:48,950
space telescope that's why we have the
large telescopes on the ground and

1292
00:25:48,950 --> 00:25:48,960
large telescopes on the ground and
 

1293
00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:50,390
large telescopes on the ground and
that's why we have television to

1294
00:25:50,390 --> 00:25:50,400
that's why we have television to
 

1295
00:25:50,400 --> 00:25:52,870
that's why we have television to
transmit those pictures to everybody

1296
00:25:52,870 --> 00:25:52,880
transmit those pictures to everybody
 

1297
00:25:52,880 --> 00:25:54,549
transmit those pictures to everybody
what we do have to do

1298
00:25:54,549 --> 00:25:54,559
what we do have to do
 

1299
00:25:54,559 --> 00:25:56,789
what we do have to do
is to go outside with small telescopes

1300
00:25:56,789 --> 00:25:56,799
is to go outside with small telescopes
 

1301
00:25:56,799 --> 00:25:59,830
is to go outside with small telescopes
binoculars and just look up at jupiter

1302
00:25:59,830 --> 00:25:59,840
binoculars and just look up at jupiter
 

1303
00:25:59,840 --> 00:26:01,990
binoculars and just look up at jupiter
with a pair of binoculars you can mount

1304
00:26:01,990 --> 00:26:02,000
with a pair of binoculars you can mount
 

1305
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:03,750
with a pair of binoculars you can mount
it well against the wall of a building

1306
00:26:03,750 --> 00:26:03,760
it well against the wall of a building
 

1307
00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:06,070
it well against the wall of a building
you're going to see the moons of jupiter

1308
00:26:06,070 --> 00:26:06,080
you're going to see the moons of jupiter
 

1309
00:26:06,080 --> 00:26:08,230
you're going to see the moons of jupiter
revolve around that planet

1310
00:26:08,230 --> 00:26:08,240
revolve around that planet
 

1311
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:10,630
revolve around that planet
not in one night but if you look every

1312
00:26:10,630 --> 00:26:10,640
not in one night but if you look every
 

1313
00:26:10,640 --> 00:26:12,149
not in one night but if you look every
night you'll see them in different

1314
00:26:12,149 --> 00:26:12,159
night you'll see them in different
 

1315
00:26:12,159 --> 00:26:15,909
night you'll see them in different
positions just like galileo did in 1610.

1316
00:26:15,909 --> 00:26:15,919
positions just like galileo did in 1610.
 

1317
00:26:15,919 --> 00:26:17,510
positions just like galileo did in 1610.
with a small telescope you're going to

1318
00:26:17,510 --> 00:26:17,520
with a small telescope you're going to
 

1319
00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:21,029
with a small telescope you're going to
see the bands of cloud around jupiter

1320
00:26:21,029 --> 00:26:21,039
see the bands of cloud around jupiter
 

1321
00:26:21,039 --> 00:26:22,630
see the bands of cloud around jupiter
that that are part of jupiter's

1322
00:26:22,630 --> 00:26:22,640
that that are part of jupiter's
 

1323
00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:24,950
that that are part of jupiter's
atmosphere the bigger the telescope is

1324
00:26:24,950 --> 00:26:24,960
atmosphere the bigger the telescope is
 

1325
00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:27,110
atmosphere the bigger the telescope is
the more of those details you'll get

1326
00:26:27,110 --> 00:26:27,120
the more of those details you'll get
 

1327
00:26:27,120 --> 00:26:29,190
the more of those details you'll get
the important thing is if you make those

1328
00:26:29,190 --> 00:26:29,200
the important thing is if you make those
 

1329
00:26:29,200 --> 00:26:31,350
the important thing is if you make those
simple observations

1330
00:26:31,350 --> 00:26:31,360
simple observations
 

1331
00:26:31,360 --> 00:26:33,990
simple observations
even if you have no pair of binoculars

1332
00:26:33,990 --> 00:26:34,000
even if you have no pair of binoculars
 

1333
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:35,990
even if you have no pair of binoculars
just go out and look at jupiter each

1334
00:26:35,990 --> 00:26:36,000
just go out and look at jupiter each
 

1335
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:38,310
just go out and look at jupiter each
night you'll see it move slightly

1336
00:26:38,310 --> 00:26:38,320
night you'll see it move slightly
 

1337
00:26:38,320 --> 00:26:40,070
night you'll see it move slightly
relative to the stars

1338
00:26:40,070 --> 00:26:40,080
relative to the stars
 

1339
00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:42,310
relative to the stars
these are observations anybody can make

1340
00:26:42,310 --> 00:26:42,320
these are observations anybody can make
 

1341
00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:44,710
these are observations anybody can make
without any telescope anything

1342
00:26:44,710 --> 00:26:44,720
without any telescope anything
 

1343
00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:46,710
without any telescope anything
to just look at jupiter it's high in the

1344
00:26:46,710 --> 00:26:46,720
to just look at jupiter it's high in the
 

1345
00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:49,350
to just look at jupiter it's high in the
southwestern sky these evenings

1346
00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:49,360
southwestern sky these evenings
 

1347
00:26:49,360 --> 00:26:51,110
southwestern sky these evenings
very bright the brightest star in that

1348
00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:51,120
very bright the brightest star in that
 

1349
00:26:51,120 --> 00:26:53,750
very bright the brightest star in that
area star the brightest planet

1350
00:26:53,750 --> 00:26:53,760
area star the brightest planet
 

1351
00:26:53,760 --> 00:26:55,510
area star the brightest planet
in that area the brightest object in the

1352
00:26:55,510 --> 00:26:55,520
in that area the brightest object in the
 

1353
00:26:55,520 --> 00:26:58,470
in that area the brightest object in the
sky in that part of the sky

1354
00:26:58,470 --> 00:26:58,480
sky in that part of the sky
 

1355
00:26:58,480 --> 00:26:59,350
sky in that part of the sky
and

1356
00:26:59,350 --> 00:26:59,360
and
 

1357
00:26:59,360 --> 00:27:01,990
and
this way everybody can be a part of this

1358
00:27:01,990 --> 00:27:02,000
this way everybody can be a part of this
 

1359
00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:03,430
this way everybody can be a part of this
event you'll be able to look up a

1360
00:27:03,430 --> 00:27:03,440
event you'll be able to look up a
 

1361
00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:06,230
event you'll be able to look up a
jupiter and say i saw jupiter the week

1362
00:27:06,230 --> 00:27:06,240
jupiter and say i saw jupiter the week
 

1363
00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:09,350
jupiter and say i saw jupiter the week
the comet hit and then you come inside

1364
00:27:09,350 --> 00:27:09,360
the comet hit and then you come inside
 

1365
00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:10,950
the comet hit and then you come inside
see the results on hubble space

1366
00:27:10,950 --> 00:27:10,960
see the results on hubble space
 

1367
00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:13,190
see the results on hubble space
telescope later on

1368
00:27:13,190 --> 00:27:13,200
telescope later on
 

1369
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:15,269
telescope later on
the galileo spacecraft

1370
00:27:15,269 --> 00:27:15,279
the galileo spacecraft
 

1371
00:27:15,279 --> 00:27:18,230
the galileo spacecraft
we are so extremely lucky

1372
00:27:18,230 --> 00:27:18,240
we are so extremely lucky
 

1373
00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:21,110
we are so extremely lucky
that the impact which might take place

1374
00:27:21,110 --> 00:27:21,120
that the impact which might take place
 

1375
00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:23,430
that the impact which might take place
once a century it might take place once

1376
00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:23,440
once a century it might take place once
 

1377
00:27:23,440 --> 00:27:25,430
once a century it might take place once
in a thousand years

1378
00:27:25,430 --> 00:27:25,440
in a thousand years
 

1379
00:27:25,440 --> 00:27:27,430
in a thousand years
it's rare

1380
00:27:27,430 --> 00:27:27,440
it's rare
 

1381
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:29,029
it's rare
but with something taking place that

1382
00:27:29,029 --> 00:27:29,039
but with something taking place that
 

1383
00:27:29,039 --> 00:27:31,110
but with something taking place that
infrequently it could have happened last

1384
00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:31,120
infrequently it could have happened last
 

1385
00:27:31,120 --> 00:27:33,510
infrequently it could have happened last
year it could have happened 15 months

1386
00:27:33,510 --> 00:27:33,520
year it could have happened 15 months
 

1387
00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:36,710
year it could have happened 15 months
ago if it had happened last year galileo

1388
00:27:36,710 --> 00:27:36,720
ago if it had happened last year galileo
 

1389
00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:38,549
ago if it had happened last year galileo
was far too was not in the right

1390
00:27:38,549 --> 00:27:38,559
was far too was not in the right
 

1391
00:27:38,559 --> 00:27:40,070
was far too was not in the right
position to observe it we would have

1392
00:27:40,070 --> 00:27:40,080
position to observe it we would have
 

1393
00:27:40,080 --> 00:27:41,750
position to observe it we would have
seen nothing

1394
00:27:41,750 --> 00:27:41,760
seen nothing
 

1395
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:44,230
seen nothing
if it had happened

1396
00:27:44,230 --> 00:27:44,240
if it had happened
 

1397
00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:45,990
if it had happened
two years ago if it had happened just

1398
00:27:45,990 --> 00:27:46,000
two years ago if it had happened just
 

1399
00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:46,870
two years ago if it had happened just
maybe

1400
00:27:46,870 --> 00:27:46,880
maybe
 

1401
00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:49,350
maybe
last november we wouldn't have seen as

1402
00:27:49,350 --> 00:27:49,360
last november we wouldn't have seen as
 

1403
00:27:49,360 --> 00:27:50,950
last november we wouldn't have seen as
much as we're getting now

1404
00:27:50,950 --> 00:27:50,960
much as we're getting now
 

1405
00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:53,029
much as we're getting now
it's happening tonight

1406
00:27:53,029 --> 00:27:53,039
it's happening tonight
 

1407
00:27:53,039 --> 00:27:55,350
it's happening tonight
we have a fully repaired and healthy

1408
00:27:55,350 --> 00:27:55,360
we have a fully repaired and healthy
 

1409
00:27:55,360 --> 00:27:57,269
we have a fully repaired and healthy
hubble space telescope

1410
00:27:57,269 --> 00:27:57,279
hubble space telescope
 

1411
00:27:57,279 --> 00:27:59,669
hubble space telescope
which has been performing like a jewel

1412
00:27:59,669 --> 00:27:59,679
which has been performing like a jewel
 

1413
00:27:59,679 --> 00:28:01,990
which has been performing like a jewel
in the last few months the galileo

1414
00:28:01,990 --> 00:28:02,000
in the last few months the galileo
 

1415
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:05,110
in the last few months the galileo
spacecraft despite the antenna is

1416
00:28:05,110 --> 00:28:05,120
spacecraft despite the antenna is
 

1417
00:28:05,120 --> 00:28:07,750
spacecraft despite the antenna is
producing fabulous discoveries the moon

1418
00:28:07,750 --> 00:28:07,760
producing fabulous discoveries the moon
 

1419
00:28:07,760 --> 00:28:10,470
producing fabulous discoveries the moon
on the asteroid ida the moon circling

1420
00:28:10,470 --> 00:28:10,480
on the asteroid ida the moon circling
 

1421
00:28:10,480 --> 00:28:12,070
on the asteroid ida the moon circling
ida is one of them

1422
00:28:12,070 --> 00:28:12,080
ida is one of them
 

1423
00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:13,669
ida is one of them
this is a time

1424
00:28:13,669 --> 00:28:13,679
this is a time
 

1425
00:28:13,679 --> 00:28:14,630
this is a time
when

1426
00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:14,640
when
 

1427
00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:18,070
when
we can really look back and say

1428
00:28:18,070 --> 00:28:18,080
we can really look back and say
 

1429
00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:20,950
we can really look back and say
the 25th anniversary of the moon landing

1430
00:28:20,950 --> 00:28:20,960
the 25th anniversary of the moon landing
 

1431
00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:24,310
the 25th anniversary of the moon landing
is a real time to celebrate because we

1432
00:28:24,310 --> 00:28:24,320
is a real time to celebrate because we
 

1433
00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:26,630
is a real time to celebrate because we
have such good instruments

1434
00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:26,640
have such good instruments
 

1435
00:28:26,640 --> 00:28:29,269
have such good instruments
to observe the most fantastic event that

1436
00:28:29,269 --> 00:28:29,279
to observe the most fantastic event that
 

1437
00:28:29,279 --> 00:28:31,750
to observe the most fantastic event that
we've had in a long time

1438
00:28:31,750 --> 00:28:31,760
we've had in a long time
 

1439
00:28:31,760 --> 00:28:34,630
we've had in a long time
this is an event i think that has the

1440
00:28:34,630 --> 00:28:34,640
this is an event i think that has the
 

1441
00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:38,070
this is an event i think that has the
power to generate a whole lot of

1442
00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:38,080
power to generate a whole lot of
 

1443
00:28:38,080 --> 00:28:40,310
power to generate a whole lot of
interest in science among people

1444
00:28:40,310 --> 00:28:40,320
interest in science among people
 

1445
00:28:40,320 --> 00:28:42,070
interest in science among people
especially young people

1446
00:28:42,070 --> 00:28:42,080
especially young people
 

1447
00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:43,669
especially young people
people have asked me more than any other

1448
00:28:43,669 --> 00:28:43,679
people have asked me more than any other
 

1449
00:28:43,679 --> 00:28:44,549
people have asked me more than any other
question

1450
00:28:44,549 --> 00:28:44,559
question
 

1451
00:28:44,559 --> 00:28:46,310
question
what will this event do to us on earth

1452
00:28:46,310 --> 00:28:46,320
what will this event do to us on earth
 

1453
00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:48,630
what will this event do to us on earth
and i start by saying absolutely no

1454
00:28:48,630 --> 00:28:48,640
and i start by saying absolutely no
 

1455
00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:51,029
and i start by saying absolutely no
effect on earth jupiter is 500 million

1456
00:28:51,029 --> 00:28:51,039
effect on earth jupiter is 500 million
 

1457
00:28:51,039 --> 00:28:53,430
effect on earth jupiter is 500 million
miles from here don't worry about it and

1458
00:28:53,430 --> 00:28:53,440
miles from here don't worry about it and
 

1459
00:28:53,440 --> 00:28:55,510
miles from here don't worry about it and
then i think about it for a minute i

1460
00:28:55,510 --> 00:28:55,520
then i think about it for a minute i
 

1461
00:28:55,520 --> 00:28:57,669
then i think about it for a minute i
hope this event has a powerful effect on

1462
00:28:57,669 --> 00:28:57,679
hope this event has a powerful effect on
 

1463
00:28:57,679 --> 00:28:58,389
hope this event has a powerful effect on
earth

1464
00:28:58,389 --> 00:28:58,399
earth
 

1465
00:28:58,399 --> 00:29:00,630
earth
i hope this event will make people think

1466
00:29:00,630 --> 00:29:00,640
i hope this event will make people think
 

1467
00:29:00,640 --> 00:29:02,389
i hope this event will make people think
that the sky

1468
00:29:02,389 --> 00:29:02,399
that the sky
 

1469
00:29:02,399 --> 00:29:04,950
that the sky
is a wonderful user-friendly place to to

1470
00:29:04,950 --> 00:29:04,960
is a wonderful user-friendly place to to
 

1471
00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:05,990
is a wonderful user-friendly place to to
watch

1472
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:06,000
watch
 

1473
00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:09,669
watch
and that science is not just done by

1474
00:29:09,669 --> 00:29:09,679
and that science is not just done by
 

1475
00:29:09,679 --> 00:29:12,789
and that science is not just done by
professional scientists science is fun

1476
00:29:12,789 --> 00:29:12,799
professional scientists science is fun
 

1477
00:29:12,799 --> 00:29:14,230
professional scientists science is fun
it is alive

1478
00:29:14,230 --> 00:29:14,240
it is alive
 

1479
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:15,830
it is alive
it is telling us things that are

1480
00:29:15,830 --> 00:29:15,840
it is telling us things that are
 

1481
00:29:15,840 --> 00:29:18,149
it is telling us things that are
important in the here and now

1482
00:29:18,149 --> 00:29:18,159
important in the here and now
 

1483
00:29:18,159 --> 00:29:18,870
important in the here and now
if

1484
00:29:18,870 --> 00:29:18,880
if
 

1485
00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:21,830
if
sl9s crash into jupiter does that i

1486
00:29:21,830 --> 00:29:21,840
sl9s crash into jupiter does that i
 

1487
00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:23,350
sl9s crash into jupiter does that i
think it would really have made the best

1488
00:29:23,350 --> 00:29:23,360
think it would really have made the best
 

1489
00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:25,269
think it would really have made the best
contribution of all

1490
00:29:25,269 --> 00:29:25,279
contribution of all
 

1491
00:29:25,279 --> 00:29:26,630
contribution of all
and now dawn

1492
00:29:26,630 --> 00:29:26,640
and now dawn
 

1493
00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:28,630
and now dawn
thank you i'd like to open up now to

1494
00:29:28,630 --> 00:29:28,640
thank you i'd like to open up now to
 

1495
00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:30,230
thank you i'd like to open up now to
question an audience questions and

1496
00:29:30,230 --> 00:29:30,240
question an audience questions and
 

1497
00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:31,590
question an audience questions and
answers from the audience here and then

1498
00:29:31,590 --> 00:29:31,600
answers from the audience here and then
 

1499
00:29:31,600 --> 00:29:34,389
answers from the audience here and then
we'll take a q a from the nasa centers

1500
00:29:34,389 --> 00:29:34,399
we'll take a q a from the nasa centers
 

1501
00:29:34,399 --> 00:29:36,789
we'll take a q a from the nasa centers
uh i would like for reporters to please

1502
00:29:36,789 --> 00:29:36,799
uh i would like for reporters to please
 

1503
00:29:36,799 --> 00:29:38,389
uh i would like for reporters to please
wait for the microphone to get to you

1504
00:29:38,389 --> 00:29:38,399
wait for the microphone to get to you
 

1505
00:29:38,399 --> 00:29:41,190
wait for the microphone to get to you
and then state your name and affiliation

1506
00:29:41,190 --> 00:29:41,200
and then state your name and affiliation
 

1507
00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:48,149
and then state your name and affiliation
take one in the front row

1508
00:29:48,149 --> 00:29:48,159

 

1509
00:29:48,159 --> 00:29:49,430

i think it is a little bit too early to

1510
00:29:49,430 --> 00:29:49,440
i think it is a little bit too early to
 

1511
00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:52,710
i think it is a little bit too early to
ask you about this but how deep was the

1512
00:29:52,710 --> 00:29:52,720
ask you about this but how deep was the
 

1513
00:29:52,720 --> 00:29:55,110
ask you about this but how deep was the
collision and the what was the uh how

1514
00:29:55,110 --> 00:29:55,120
collision and the what was the uh how
 

1515
00:29:55,120 --> 00:29:57,909
collision and the what was the uh how
the energy energy looked like and

1516
00:29:57,909 --> 00:29:57,919
the energy energy looked like and
 

1517
00:29:57,919 --> 00:29:58,710
the energy energy looked like and
from

1518
00:29:58,710 --> 00:29:58,720
from
 

1519
00:29:58,720 --> 00:29:59,750
from
this

1520
00:29:59,750 --> 00:29:59,760
this
 

1521
00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:02,950
this
uh to result uh what's this

1522
00:30:02,950 --> 00:30:02,960
uh to result uh what's this
 

1523
00:30:02,960 --> 00:30:05,269
uh to result uh what's this
comet look like it's look like asteroid

1524
00:30:05,269 --> 00:30:05,279
comet look like it's look like asteroid
 

1525
00:30:05,279 --> 00:30:06,789
comet look like it's look like asteroid
oh it's look like a snowball or

1526
00:30:06,789 --> 00:30:06,799
oh it's look like a snowball or
 

1527
00:30:06,799 --> 00:30:09,350
oh it's look like a snowball or
something can i ask your estimate i

1528
00:30:09,350 --> 00:30:09,360
something can i ask your estimate i
 

1529
00:30:09,360 --> 00:30:13,590
something can i ask your estimate i
guess you asked me several questions

1530
00:30:13,590 --> 00:30:13,600

 

1531
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:17,669

the first question was how deep did the

1532
00:30:17,669 --> 00:30:17,679
the first question was how deep did the
 

1533
00:30:17,679 --> 00:30:19,510
the first question was how deep did the
comet penetrate into the atmosphere of

1534
00:30:19,510 --> 00:30:19,520
comet penetrate into the atmosphere of
 

1535
00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:21,909
comet penetrate into the atmosphere of
jupiter well of course we don't know

1536
00:30:21,909 --> 00:30:21,919
jupiter well of course we don't know
 

1537
00:30:21,919 --> 00:30:24,549
jupiter well of course we don't know
that yet for nucleus a

1538
00:30:24,549 --> 00:30:24,559
that yet for nucleus a
 

1539
00:30:24,559 --> 00:30:26,470
that yet for nucleus a
for the simulation that i showed you

1540
00:30:26,470 --> 00:30:26,480
for the simulation that i showed you
 

1541
00:30:26,480 --> 00:30:29,269
for the simulation that i showed you
this was for a one kilometer diameter

1542
00:30:29,269 --> 00:30:29,279
this was for a one kilometer diameter
 

1543
00:30:29,279 --> 00:30:32,789
this was for a one kilometer diameter
uh body with the density of ice

1544
00:30:32,789 --> 00:30:32,799
uh body with the density of ice
 

1545
00:30:32,799 --> 00:30:34,710
uh body with the density of ice
and it was

1546
00:30:34,710 --> 00:30:34,720
and it was
 

1547
00:30:34,720 --> 00:30:37,510
and it was
essentially uh decided

1548
00:30:37,510 --> 00:30:37,520
essentially uh decided
 

1549
00:30:37,520 --> 00:30:39,269
essentially uh decided
using what knowledge we have of the

1550
00:30:39,269 --> 00:30:39,279
using what knowledge we have of the
 

1551
00:30:39,279 --> 00:30:40,789
using what knowledge we have of the
fragility

1552
00:30:40,789 --> 00:30:40,799
fragility
 

1553
00:30:40,799 --> 00:30:43,510
fragility
of of the comet when it broke up

1554
00:30:43,510 --> 00:30:43,520
of of the comet when it broke up
 

1555
00:30:43,520 --> 00:30:44,310
of of the comet when it broke up
that

1556
00:30:44,310 --> 00:30:44,320
that
 

1557
00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:46,789
that
you know we would have it come apart

1558
00:30:46,789 --> 00:30:46,799
you know we would have it come apart
 

1559
00:30:46,799 --> 00:30:50,310
you know we would have it come apart
at 31 kilometers below the cloud tops

1560
00:30:50,310 --> 00:30:50,320
at 31 kilometers below the cloud tops
 

1561
00:30:50,320 --> 00:30:52,470
at 31 kilometers below the cloud tops
that's a somewhat arbitrary decision but

1562
00:30:52,470 --> 00:30:52,480
that's a somewhat arbitrary decision but
 

1563
00:30:52,480 --> 00:30:54,950
that's a somewhat arbitrary decision but
we think it's fairly representative

1564
00:30:54,950 --> 00:30:54,960
we think it's fairly representative
 

1565
00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:56,630
we think it's fairly representative
but we did let the comet go right

1566
00:30:56,630 --> 00:30:56,640
but we did let the comet go right
 

1567
00:30:56,640 --> 00:30:58,789
but we did let the comet go right
through and stay intact

1568
00:30:58,789 --> 00:30:58,799
through and stay intact
 

1569
00:30:58,799 --> 00:31:00,950
through and stay intact
punching a tunnel into the atmosphere on

1570
00:31:00,950 --> 00:31:00,960
punching a tunnel into the atmosphere on
 

1571
00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:02,710
punching a tunnel into the atmosphere on
the computer of course

1572
00:31:02,710 --> 00:31:02,720
the computer of course
 

1573
00:31:02,720 --> 00:31:04,310
the computer of course
and then it and then it comes apart and

1574
00:31:04,310 --> 00:31:04,320
and then it and then it comes apart and
 

1575
00:31:04,320 --> 00:31:06,710
and then it and then it comes apart and
dumps its energy and creates a very hot

1576
00:31:06,710 --> 00:31:06,720
dumps its energy and creates a very hot
 

1577
00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:08,789
dumps its energy and creates a very hot
fireball that expands and then rises

1578
00:31:08,789 --> 00:31:08,799
fireball that expands and then rises
 

1579
00:31:08,799 --> 00:31:10,950
fireball that expands and then rises
buoyantly if you were to watch the

1580
00:31:10,950 --> 00:31:10,960
buoyantly if you were to watch the
 

1581
00:31:10,960 --> 00:31:13,430
buoyantly if you were to watch the
evolution of the plume part of it does

1582
00:31:13,430 --> 00:31:13,440
evolution of the plume part of it does
 

1583
00:31:13,440 --> 00:31:15,750
evolution of the plume part of it does
shoot back out along the tunnel but most

1584
00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:15,760
shoot back out along the tunnel but most
 

1585
00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:17,590
shoot back out along the tunnel but most
of it just rises buoyantly and just

1586
00:31:17,590 --> 00:31:17,600
of it just rises buoyantly and just
 

1587
00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:20,630
of it just rises buoyantly and just
bursts right out above the cloud tops

1588
00:31:20,630 --> 00:31:20,640
bursts right out above the cloud tops
 

1589
00:31:20,640 --> 00:31:22,230
bursts right out above the cloud tops
so i think that's the answer to the

1590
00:31:22,230 --> 00:31:22,240
so i think that's the answer to the
 

1591
00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:24,549
so i think that's the answer to the
first question now the second question

1592
00:31:24,549 --> 00:31:24,559
first question now the second question
 

1593
00:31:24,559 --> 00:31:25,590
first question now the second question
was

1594
00:31:25,590 --> 00:31:25,600
was
 

1595
00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:29,350
was
is this more like an asteroid or

1596
00:31:29,350 --> 00:31:29,360
is this more like an asteroid or
 

1597
00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:30,549
is this more like an asteroid or
a listener

1598
00:31:30,549 --> 00:31:30,559
a listener
 

1599
00:31:30,559 --> 00:31:32,230
a listener
or maybe you're asking is it a single

1600
00:31:32,230 --> 00:31:32,240
or maybe you're asking is it a single
 

1601
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:34,470
or maybe you're asking is it a single
solid object or is it an accumulation of

1602
00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:34,480
solid object or is it an accumulation of
 

1603
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:36,549
solid object or is it an accumulation of
many smaller pieces is that is that your

1604
00:31:36,549 --> 00:31:36,559
many smaller pieces is that is that your
 

1605
00:31:36,559 --> 00:31:38,230
many smaller pieces is that is that your
question

1606
00:31:38,230 --> 00:31:38,240
question
 

1607
00:31:38,240 --> 00:31:41,110
question
that's still the 64 dollar question

1608
00:31:41,110 --> 00:31:41,120
that's still the 64 dollar question
 

1609
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:44,470
that's still the 64 dollar question
uh there are two very important reports

1610
00:31:44,470 --> 00:31:44,480
uh there are two very important reports
 

1611
00:31:44,480 --> 00:31:47,350
uh there are two very important reports
one has just been published in nature

1612
00:31:47,350 --> 00:31:47,360
one has just been published in nature
 

1613
00:31:47,360 --> 00:31:49,909
one has just been published in nature
and the second one has been submitted

1614
00:31:49,909 --> 00:31:49,919
and the second one has been submitted
 

1615
00:31:49,919 --> 00:31:51,750
and the second one has been submitted
by an author who's here in this room i

1616
00:31:51,750 --> 00:31:51,760
by an author who's here in this room i
 

1617
00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:52,630
by an author who's here in this room i
think

1618
00:31:52,630 --> 00:31:52,640
think
 

1619
00:31:52,640 --> 00:31:55,350
think
i don't see him just this moment

1620
00:31:55,350 --> 00:31:55,360
i don't see him just this moment
 

1621
00:31:55,360 --> 00:31:58,870
i don't see him just this moment
both showing that you can explain

1622
00:31:58,870 --> 00:31:58,880
both showing that you can explain
 

1623
00:31:58,880 --> 00:32:01,909
both showing that you can explain
the number of objects that we see in the

1624
00:32:01,909 --> 00:32:01,919
the number of objects that we see in the
 

1625
00:32:01,919 --> 00:32:03,669
the number of objects that we see in the
string of pearls

1626
00:32:03,669 --> 00:32:03,679
string of pearls
 

1627
00:32:03,679 --> 00:32:06,389
string of pearls
if the original parent body was simply a

1628
00:32:06,389 --> 00:32:06,399
if the original parent body was simply a
 

1629
00:32:06,399 --> 00:32:09,590
if the original parent body was simply a
loose agglomeration of many many smaller

1630
00:32:09,590 --> 00:32:09,600
loose agglomeration of many many smaller
 

1631
00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:10,789
loose agglomeration of many many smaller
bodies

1632
00:32:10,789 --> 00:32:10,799
bodies
 

1633
00:32:10,799 --> 00:32:13,029
bodies
and it and theoretically it turns out

1634
00:32:13,029 --> 00:32:13,039
and it and theoretically it turns out
 

1635
00:32:13,039 --> 00:32:15,990
and it and theoretically it turns out
you should get just about 20 pieces

1636
00:32:15,990 --> 00:32:16,000
you should get just about 20 pieces
 

1637
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,470
you should get just about 20 pieces
when it breaks up and then and then

1638
00:32:18,470 --> 00:32:18,480
when it breaks up and then and then
 

1639
00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:21,029
when it breaks up and then and then
20 individual clumps but each clump

1640
00:32:21,029 --> 00:32:21,039
20 individual clumps but each clump
 

1641
00:32:21,039 --> 00:32:23,909
20 individual clumps but each clump
itself is made of many smaller pieces

1642
00:32:23,909 --> 00:32:23,919
itself is made of many smaller pieces
 

1643
00:32:23,919 --> 00:32:26,310
itself is made of many smaller pieces
uh this is this looks like a very

1644
00:32:26,310 --> 00:32:26,320
uh this is this looks like a very
 

1645
00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:29,110
uh this is this looks like a very
reasonable proposition

1646
00:32:29,110 --> 00:32:29,120
reasonable proposition
 

1647
00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:30,070
reasonable proposition
and

1648
00:32:30,070 --> 00:32:30,080
and
 

1649
00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:30,950
and
in fact

1650
00:32:30,950 --> 00:32:30,960
in fact
 

1651
00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:32,310
in fact
is redick here

1652
00:32:32,310 --> 00:32:32,320
is redick here
 

1653
00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:33,830
is redick here
i don't see him at the moment he's here

1654
00:32:33,830 --> 00:32:33,840
i don't see him at the moment he's here
 

1655
00:32:33,840 --> 00:32:36,070
i don't see him at the moment he's here
at the space shuttle science institute

1656
00:32:36,070 --> 00:32:36,080
at the space shuttle science institute
 

1657
00:32:36,080 --> 00:32:37,990
at the space shuttle science institute
and the other and the other authors are

1658
00:32:37,990 --> 00:32:38,000
and the other and the other authors are
 

1659
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:40,630
and the other and the other authors are
by ashfog and bentz who published in

1660
00:32:40,630 --> 00:32:40,640
by ashfog and bentz who published in
 

1661
00:32:40,640 --> 00:32:41,990
by ashfog and bentz who published in
nature

1662
00:32:41,990 --> 00:32:42,000
nature
 

1663
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:43,430
nature
i think it's a very

1664
00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:43,440
i think it's a very
 

1665
00:32:43,440 --> 00:32:46,470
i think it's a very
very persuading argument

1666
00:32:46,470 --> 00:32:46,480
very persuading argument
 

1667
00:32:46,480 --> 00:32:48,950
very persuading argument
in fact i would venture to say that a

1668
00:32:48,950 --> 00:32:48,960
in fact i would venture to say that a
 

1669
00:32:48,960 --> 00:32:51,190
in fact i would venture to say that a
general view of comets is in in the

1670
00:32:51,190 --> 00:32:51,200
general view of comets is in in the
 

1671
00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:52,789
general view of comets is in in the
process of shift i think we're going to

1672
00:32:52,789 --> 00:32:52,799
process of shift i think we're going to
 

1673
00:32:52,799 --> 00:32:54,630
process of shift i think we're going to
see a paradigm shift

1674
00:32:54,630 --> 00:32:54,640
see a paradigm shift
 

1675
00:32:54,640 --> 00:32:56,149
see a paradigm shift
from the point of view where people have

1676
00:32:56,149 --> 00:32:56,159
from the point of view where people have
 

1677
00:32:56,159 --> 00:32:58,230
from the point of view where people have
been thinking of comets as sort of one

1678
00:32:58,230 --> 00:32:58,240
been thinking of comets as sort of one
 

1679
00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:00,470
been thinking of comets as sort of one
big dirty snowball

1680
00:33:00,470 --> 00:33:00,480
big dirty snowball
 

1681
00:33:00,480 --> 00:33:02,789
big dirty snowball
to really just a collection of finer

1682
00:33:02,789 --> 00:33:02,799
to really just a collection of finer
 

1683
00:33:02,799 --> 00:33:05,909
to really just a collection of finer
debris just loosely held by gravity

1684
00:33:05,909 --> 00:33:05,919
debris just loosely held by gravity
 

1685
00:33:05,919 --> 00:33:07,590
debris just loosely held by gravity
uh i think a lot of people are now

1686
00:33:07,590 --> 00:33:07,600
uh i think a lot of people are now
 

1687
00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:08,870
uh i think a lot of people are now
starting to think very much in that

1688
00:33:08,870 --> 00:33:08,880
starting to think very much in that
 

1689
00:33:08,880 --> 00:33:10,389
starting to think very much in that
direction and the evidence is coming of

1690
00:33:10,389 --> 00:33:10,399
direction and the evidence is coming of
 

1691
00:33:10,399 --> 00:33:12,070
direction and the evidence is coming of
course from the breakup of periodic

1692
00:33:12,070 --> 00:33:12,080
course from the breakup of periodic
 

1693
00:33:12,080 --> 00:33:17,029
course from the breakup of periodic
comments shoemaker leaving

1694
00:33:17,029 --> 00:33:17,039

 

1695
00:33:17,039 --> 00:33:18,470

for reuters

1696
00:33:18,470 --> 00:33:18,480
for reuters
 

1697
00:33:18,480 --> 00:33:21,669
for reuters
have any of you seen any images of the

1698
00:33:21,669 --> 00:33:21,679
have any of you seen any images of the
 

1699
00:33:21,679 --> 00:33:23,269
have any of you seen any images of the
impact site

1700
00:33:23,269 --> 00:33:23,279
impact site
 

1701
00:33:23,279 --> 00:33:25,029
impact site
if you have what were you looking for

1702
00:33:25,029 --> 00:33:25,039
if you have what were you looking for
 

1703
00:33:25,039 --> 00:33:26,630
if you have what were you looking for
and what did you see have you seen

1704
00:33:26,630 --> 00:33:26,640
and what did you see have you seen
 

1705
00:33:26,640 --> 00:33:29,029
and what did you see have you seen
anything from hubble yet if you haven't

1706
00:33:29,029 --> 00:33:29,039
anything from hubble yet if you haven't
 

1707
00:33:29,039 --> 00:33:31,750
anything from hubble yet if you haven't
when are you going to see it

1708
00:33:31,750 --> 00:33:31,760
when are you going to see it
 

1709
00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:34,470
when are you going to see it
well let me answer for the for the team

1710
00:33:34,470 --> 00:33:34,480
well let me answer for the for the team
 

1711
00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:37,269
well let me answer for the for the team
uh stick around till 10.

1712
00:33:37,269 --> 00:33:37,279
uh stick around till 10.
 

1713
00:33:37,279 --> 00:33:39,430
uh stick around till 10.
we've not seen the images yet

1714
00:33:39,430 --> 00:33:39,440
we've not seen the images yet
 

1715
00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:41,430
we've not seen the images yet
they're coming down and heidi hamill

1716
00:33:41,430 --> 00:33:41,440
they're coming down and heidi hamill
 

1717
00:33:41,440 --> 00:33:43,029
they're coming down and heidi hamill
will report on that

1718
00:33:43,029 --> 00:33:43,039
will report on that
 

1719
00:33:43,039 --> 00:33:45,350
will report on that
uh in about two hours

1720
00:33:45,350 --> 00:33:45,360
uh in about two hours
 

1721
00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:47,830
uh in about two hours
one one quick follow-up what will you be

1722
00:33:47,830 --> 00:33:47,840
one one quick follow-up what will you be
 

1723
00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:50,070
one one quick follow-up what will you be
looking for when you see these images i

1724
00:33:50,070 --> 00:33:50,080
looking for when you see these images i
 

1725
00:33:50,080 --> 00:33:51,750
looking for when you see these images i
know you have that model that you showed

1726
00:33:51,750 --> 00:33:51,760
know you have that model that you showed
 

1727
00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:52,389
know you have that model that you showed
us

1728
00:33:52,389 --> 00:33:52,399
us
 

1729
00:33:52,399 --> 00:33:53,110
us
but

1730
00:33:53,110 --> 00:33:53,120
but
 

1731
00:33:53,120 --> 00:33:54,470
but
what what are you going to be looking

1732
00:33:54,470 --> 00:33:54,480
what what are you going to be looking
 

1733
00:33:54,480 --> 00:33:56,230
what what are you going to be looking
most assiduously for when you see those

1734
00:33:56,230 --> 00:33:56,240
most assiduously for when you see those
 

1735
00:33:56,240 --> 00:33:58,950
most assiduously for when you see those
images from hubble

1736
00:33:58,950 --> 00:33:58,960
images from hubble
 

1737
00:33:58,960 --> 00:34:01,350
images from hubble
a new spot

1738
00:34:01,350 --> 00:34:01,360
a new spot
 

1739
00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:04,070
a new spot
on on jupiter and in fact i don't know

1740
00:34:04,070 --> 00:34:04,080
on on jupiter and in fact i don't know
 

1741
00:34:04,080 --> 00:34:05,430
on on jupiter and in fact i don't know
if i mentioned it

1742
00:34:05,430 --> 00:34:05,440
if i mentioned it
 

1743
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:07,830
if i mentioned it
the the intensity of the brightness of

1744
00:34:07,830 --> 00:34:07,840
the the intensity of the brightness of
 

1745
00:34:07,840 --> 00:34:12,310
the the intensity of the brightness of
the spot as reported

1746
00:34:12,310 --> 00:34:12,320

 

1747
00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:15,510

from color alto and granada

1748
00:34:15,510 --> 00:34:15,520
from color alto and granada
 

1749
00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:18,869
from color alto and granada
was greater than the brightness of eu

1750
00:34:18,869 --> 00:34:18,879
was greater than the brightness of eu
 

1751
00:34:18,879 --> 00:34:21,270
was greater than the brightness of eu
in the 2.3 micron van

1752
00:34:21,270 --> 00:34:21,280
in the 2.3 micron van
 

1753
00:34:21,280 --> 00:34:23,190
in the 2.3 micron van
uh where i hope very much that the

1754
00:34:23,190 --> 00:34:23,200
uh where i hope very much that the
 

1755
00:34:23,200 --> 00:34:24,710
uh where i hope very much that the
hubble images that are going to be seen

1756
00:34:24,710 --> 00:34:24,720
hubble images that are going to be seen
 

1757
00:34:24,720 --> 00:34:26,869
hubble images that are going to be seen
later tonight will actually define the

1758
00:34:26,869 --> 00:34:26,879
later tonight will actually define the
 

1759
00:34:26,879 --> 00:34:29,030
later tonight will actually define the
dimensions and the brightness of that

1760
00:34:29,030 --> 00:34:29,040
dimensions and the brightness of that
 

1761
00:34:29,040 --> 00:34:31,270
dimensions and the brightness of that
spot in various wavelengths very well so

1762
00:34:31,270 --> 00:34:31,280
spot in various wavelengths very well so
 

1763
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:33,270
spot in various wavelengths very well so
this is very exciting stay tuned none of

1764
00:34:33,270 --> 00:34:33,280
this is very exciting stay tuned none of
 

1765
00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:35,829
this is very exciting stay tuned none of
us up here have seen those images yet

1766
00:34:35,829 --> 00:34:35,839
us up here have seen those images yet
 

1767
00:34:35,839 --> 00:34:37,829
us up here have seen those images yet
see could you uh put your mic down just

1768
00:34:37,829 --> 00:34:37,839
see could you uh put your mic down just
 

1769
00:34:37,839 --> 00:34:39,589
see could you uh put your mic down just
a little bit

1770
00:34:39,589 --> 00:34:39,599
a little bit
 

1771
00:34:39,599 --> 00:34:41,270
a little bit
okay question romero from sky and

1772
00:34:41,270 --> 00:34:41,280
okay question romero from sky and
 

1773
00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:42,869
okay question romero from sky and
telescope

1774
00:34:42,869 --> 00:34:42,879
telescope
 

1775
00:34:42,879 --> 00:34:45,829
telescope
uh brian marsden recently mentioned that

1776
00:34:45,829 --> 00:34:45,839
uh brian marsden recently mentioned that
 

1777
00:34:45,839 --> 00:34:47,829
uh brian marsden recently mentioned that
he thought that such impacts probably

1778
00:34:47,829 --> 00:34:47,839
he thought that such impacts probably
 

1779
00:34:47,839 --> 00:34:49,829
he thought that such impacts probably
happened the order of decades

1780
00:34:49,829 --> 00:34:49,839
happened the order of decades
 

1781
00:34:49,839 --> 00:34:51,909
happened the order of decades
given the uh this recent observation of

1782
00:34:51,909 --> 00:34:51,919
given the uh this recent observation of
 

1783
00:34:51,919 --> 00:34:53,510
given the uh this recent observation of
this small fragment

1784
00:34:53,510 --> 00:34:53,520
this small fragment
 

1785
00:34:53,520 --> 00:34:55,589
this small fragment
do you think that that's possible that

1786
00:34:55,589 --> 00:34:55,599
do you think that that's possible that
 

1787
00:34:55,599 --> 00:35:01,109
do you think that that's possible that
such a feature would go unnoticed

1788
00:35:01,109 --> 00:35:01,119

 

1789
00:35:01,119 --> 00:35:03,109

do you want to answer david

1790
00:35:03,109 --> 00:35:03,119
do you want to answer david
 

1791
00:35:03,119 --> 00:35:04,870
do you want to answer david
it's hard to say i haven't i haven't

1792
00:35:04,870 --> 00:35:04,880
it's hard to say i haven't i haven't
 

1793
00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:06,310
it's hard to say i haven't i haven't
seen

1794
00:35:06,310 --> 00:35:06,320
seen
 

1795
00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:08,550
seen
based on a previous question i i i

1796
00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:08,560
based on a previous question i i i
 

1797
00:35:08,560 --> 00:35:10,470
based on a previous question i i i
haven't seen the pictures yet based on

1798
00:35:10,470 --> 00:35:10,480
haven't seen the pictures yet based on
 

1799
00:35:10,480 --> 00:35:12,790
haven't seen the pictures yet based on
the descriptions

1800
00:35:12,790 --> 00:35:12,800
the descriptions
 

1801
00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:14,710
the descriptions
uh that we've read

1802
00:35:14,710 --> 00:35:14,720
uh that we've read
 

1803
00:35:14,720 --> 00:35:16,470
uh that we've read
it's looking really

1804
00:35:16,470 --> 00:35:16,480
it's looking really
 

1805
00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:18,710
it's looking really
like fragment a fragment a is one of the

1806
00:35:18,710 --> 00:35:18,720
like fragment a fragment a is one of the
 

1807
00:35:18,720 --> 00:35:20,630
like fragment a fragment a is one of the
smaller fragments one of the smallest

1808
00:35:20,630 --> 00:35:20,640
smaller fragments one of the smallest
 

1809
00:35:20,640 --> 00:35:21,589
smaller fragments one of the smallest
ones

1810
00:35:21,589 --> 00:35:21,599
ones
 

1811
00:35:21,599 --> 00:35:23,990
ones
and its importance is only in that it's

1812
00:35:23,990 --> 00:35:24,000
and its importance is only in that it's
 

1813
00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:25,910
and its importance is only in that it's
the first one and

1814
00:35:25,910 --> 00:35:25,920
the first one and
 

1815
00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:29,030
the first one and
if it has really produced so far based

1816
00:35:29,030 --> 00:35:29,040
if it has really produced so far based
 

1817
00:35:29,040 --> 00:35:32,710
if it has really produced so far based
on ground-based images what what it what

1818
00:35:32,710 --> 00:35:32,720
on ground-based images what what it what
 

1819
00:35:32,720 --> 00:35:34,870
on ground-based images what what it what
it seems to have produced it's looking

1820
00:35:34,870 --> 00:35:34,880
it seems to have produced it's looking
 

1821
00:35:34,880 --> 00:35:37,670
it seems to have produced it's looking
like these the original comet would have

1822
00:35:37,670 --> 00:35:37,680
like these the original comet would have
 

1823
00:35:37,680 --> 00:35:39,910
like these the original comet would have
been closer to the larger

1824
00:35:39,910 --> 00:35:39,920
been closer to the larger
 

1825
00:35:39,920 --> 00:35:42,950
been closer to the larger
size the larger end closer to that

1826
00:35:42,950 --> 00:35:42,960
size the larger end closer to that
 

1827
00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:45,589
size the larger end closer to that
10 kilometer diameter for the original

1828
00:35:45,589 --> 00:35:45,599
10 kilometer diameter for the original
 

1829
00:35:45,599 --> 00:35:48,390
10 kilometer diameter for the original
body it's still too early to say that

1830
00:35:48,390 --> 00:35:48,400
body it's still too early to say that
 

1831
00:35:48,400 --> 00:35:51,750
body it's still too early to say that
for sure but if that's the case then i

1832
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:51,760
for sure but if that's the case then i
 

1833
00:35:51,760 --> 00:35:53,190
for sure but if that's the case then i
would suggest

1834
00:35:53,190 --> 00:35:53,200
would suggest
 

1835
00:35:53,200 --> 00:35:55,270
would suggest
that this would be a much rarer event

1836
00:35:55,270 --> 00:35:55,280
that this would be a much rarer event
 

1837
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:57,030
that this would be a much rarer event
than that maybe once every several

1838
00:35:57,030 --> 00:35:57,040
than that maybe once every several
 

1839
00:35:57,040 --> 00:35:58,710
than that maybe once every several
hundred maybe a thousand years what do

1840
00:35:58,710 --> 00:35:58,720
hundred maybe a thousand years what do
 

1841
00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:00,630
hundred maybe a thousand years what do
you think my best guess is if the

1842
00:36:00,630 --> 00:36:00,640
you think my best guess is if the
 

1843
00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:03,829
you think my best guess is if the
precursor were 10 kilometers across and

1844
00:36:03,829 --> 00:36:03,839
precursor were 10 kilometers across and
 

1845
00:36:03,839 --> 00:36:05,670
precursor were 10 kilometers across and
the fact that we're seeing such a bright

1846
00:36:05,670 --> 00:36:05,680
the fact that we're seeing such a bright
 

1847
00:36:05,680 --> 00:36:08,230
the fact that we're seeing such a bright
spot if these reports are correct i have

1848
00:36:08,230 --> 00:36:08,240
spot if these reports are correct i have
 

1849
00:36:08,240 --> 00:36:09,910
spot if these reports are correct i have
to be a caveat there we have to get

1850
00:36:09,910 --> 00:36:09,920
to be a caveat there we have to get
 

1851
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:11,349
to be a caveat there we have to get
that's a big yes

1852
00:36:11,349 --> 00:36:11,359
that's a big yes
 

1853
00:36:11,359 --> 00:36:12,790
that's a big yes
these reports are correct and i think

1854
00:36:12,790 --> 00:36:12,800
these reports are correct and i think
 

1855
00:36:12,800 --> 00:36:14,950
these reports are correct and i think
the 10 kilometer size as david says

1856
00:36:14,950 --> 00:36:14,960
the 10 kilometer size as david says
 

1857
00:36:14,960 --> 00:36:17,270
the 10 kilometer size as david says
looks reasonable and my guess is that

1858
00:36:17,270 --> 00:36:17,280
looks reasonable and my guess is that
 

1859
00:36:17,280 --> 00:36:19,349
looks reasonable and my guess is that
you don't get a hit by a 10 kilometer

1860
00:36:19,349 --> 00:36:19,359
you don't get a hit by a 10 kilometer
 

1861
00:36:19,359 --> 00:36:21,109
you don't get a hit by a 10 kilometer
object more frequently than about once a

1862
00:36:21,109 --> 00:36:21,119
object more frequently than about once a
 

1863
00:36:21,119 --> 00:36:22,710
object more frequently than about once a
thousand years i think we may be

1864
00:36:22,710 --> 00:36:22,720
thousand years i think we may be
 

1865
00:36:22,720 --> 00:36:24,310
thousand years i think we may be
privileged to witness one of those very

1866
00:36:24,310 --> 00:36:24,320
privileged to witness one of those very
 

1867
00:36:24,320 --> 00:36:25,910
privileged to witness one of those very
rare events in australia and there's

1868
00:36:25,910 --> 00:36:25,920
rare events in australia and there's
 

1869
00:36:25,920 --> 00:36:28,470
rare events in australia and there's
there's something else though um this is

1870
00:36:28,470 --> 00:36:28,480
there's something else though um this is
 

1871
00:36:28,480 --> 00:36:30,550
there's something else though um this is
the second act of the two-act play well

1872
00:36:30,550 --> 00:36:30,560
the second act of the two-act play well
 

1873
00:36:30,560 --> 00:36:32,230
the second act of the two-act play well
it's the second activist play that is at

1874
00:36:32,230 --> 00:36:32,240
it's the second activist play that is at
 

1875
00:36:32,240 --> 00:36:34,710
it's the second activist play that is at
least 2x so far

1876
00:36:34,710 --> 00:36:34,720
least 2x so far
 

1877
00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:36,870
least 2x so far
this is the number this is the frequency

1878
00:36:36,870 --> 00:36:36,880
this is the number this is the frequency
 

1879
00:36:36,880 --> 00:36:39,270
this is the number this is the frequency
for just an impact

1880
00:36:39,270 --> 00:36:39,280
for just an impact
 

1881
00:36:39,280 --> 00:36:41,510
for just an impact
what is the frequency for the comet to

1882
00:36:41,510 --> 00:36:41,520
what is the frequency for the comet to
 

1883
00:36:41,520 --> 00:36:43,510
what is the frequency for the comet to
do this weird celestial dance around

1884
00:36:43,510 --> 00:36:43,520
do this weird celestial dance around
 

1885
00:36:43,520 --> 00:36:45,990
do this weird celestial dance around
jupiter breaking up two years before

1886
00:36:45,990 --> 00:36:46,000
jupiter breaking up two years before
 

1887
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:48,150
jupiter breaking up two years before
impact brightening up so that it could

1888
00:36:48,150 --> 00:36:48,160
impact brightening up so that it could
 

1889
00:36:48,160 --> 00:36:49,990
impact brightening up so that it could
be discovered and we could plan for this

1890
00:36:49,990 --> 00:36:50,000
be discovered and we could plan for this
 

1891
00:36:50,000 --> 00:36:51,589
be discovered and we could plan for this
thing

1892
00:36:51,589 --> 00:36:51,599
thing
 

1893
00:36:51,599 --> 00:36:53,670
thing
would how do we factor that into the

1894
00:36:53,670 --> 00:36:53,680
would how do we factor that into the
 

1895
00:36:53,680 --> 00:36:56,150
would how do we factor that into the
equation that makes it still more rare

1896
00:36:56,150 --> 00:36:56,160
equation that makes it still more rare
 

1897
00:36:56,160 --> 00:36:58,069
equation that makes it still more rare
i i think there's one other factor and

1898
00:36:58,069 --> 00:36:58,079
i i think there's one other factor and
 

1899
00:36:58,079 --> 00:36:59,829
i i think there's one other factor and
that is that you could have an event

1900
00:36:59,829 --> 00:36:59,839
that is that you could have an event
 

1901
00:36:59,839 --> 00:37:02,310
that is that you could have an event
like that on jupiter but if no one is

1902
00:37:02,310 --> 00:37:02,320
like that on jupiter but if no one is
 

1903
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:03,750
like that on jupiter but if no one is
looking

1904
00:37:03,750 --> 00:37:03,760
looking
 

1905
00:37:03,760 --> 00:37:06,230
looking
you're not going to see it

1906
00:37:06,230 --> 00:37:06,240
you're not going to see it
 

1907
00:37:06,240 --> 00:37:08,950
you're not going to see it
jupiter is not always the center of

1908
00:37:08,950 --> 00:37:08,960
jupiter is not always the center of
 

1909
00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:10,390
jupiter is not always the center of
attention

1910
00:37:10,390 --> 00:37:10,400
attention
 

1911
00:37:10,400 --> 00:37:11,190
attention
and

1912
00:37:11,190 --> 00:37:11,200
and
 

1913
00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:13,750
and
and on what last one looks

1914
00:37:13,750 --> 00:37:13,760
and on what last one looks
 

1915
00:37:13,760 --> 00:37:15,910
and on what last one looks
at the right time

1916
00:37:15,910 --> 00:37:15,920
at the right time
 

1917
00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:17,990
at the right time
you might you might you saw the

1918
00:37:17,990 --> 00:37:18,000
you might you might you saw the
 

1919
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:19,670
you might you might you saw the
simulation

1920
00:37:19,670 --> 00:37:19,680
simulation
 

1921
00:37:19,680 --> 00:37:21,750
simulation
that dies down fairly quickly you might

1922
00:37:21,750 --> 00:37:21,760
that dies down fairly quickly you might
 

1923
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:25,829
that dies down fairly quickly you might
not notice another white spot very soon

1924
00:37:25,829 --> 00:37:25,839
not notice another white spot very soon
 

1925
00:37:25,839 --> 00:37:27,750
not notice another white spot very soon
but this is prim this is a little

1926
00:37:27,750 --> 00:37:27,760
but this is prim this is a little
 

1927
00:37:27,760 --> 00:37:30,470
but this is prim this is a little
premature we haven't we haven't seen the

1928
00:37:30,470 --> 00:37:30,480
premature we haven't we haven't seen the
 

1929
00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:33,349
premature we haven't we haven't seen the
data from hubble space telescope

1930
00:37:33,349 --> 00:37:33,359
data from hubble space telescope
 

1931
00:37:33,359 --> 00:37:35,990
data from hubble space telescope
we're basing this on two initial reports

1932
00:37:35,990 --> 00:37:36,000
we're basing this on two initial reports
 

1933
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:38,390
we're basing this on two initial reports
and they're reliable reports

1934
00:37:38,390 --> 00:37:38,400
and they're reliable reports
 

1935
00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:41,430
and they're reliable reports
but it's it's there's that big caveat we

1936
00:37:41,430 --> 00:37:41,440
but it's it's there's that big caveat we
 

1937
00:37:41,440 --> 00:37:44,390
but it's it's there's that big caveat we
want to see more we all want to see more

1938
00:37:44,390 --> 00:37:44,400
want to see more we all want to see more
 

1939
00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:45,829
want to see more we all want to see more
uh but it's looking pretty good right

1940
00:37:45,829 --> 00:37:45,839
uh but it's looking pretty good right
 

1941
00:37:45,839 --> 00:37:48,069
uh but it's looking pretty good right
now that we're seeing a rare rare event

1942
00:37:48,069 --> 00:37:48,079
now that we're seeing a rare rare event
 

1943
00:37:48,079 --> 00:37:50,230
now that we're seeing a rare rare event
i just make one other comment steve and

1944
00:37:50,230 --> 00:37:50,240
i just make one other comment steve and
 

1945
00:37:50,240 --> 00:37:52,390
i just make one other comment steve and
that is that you know i think martin was

1946
00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:52,400
that is that you know i think martin was
 

1947
00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:54,390
that is that you know i think martin was
arguing simply from a probabilistic

1948
00:37:54,390 --> 00:37:54,400
arguing simply from a probabilistic
 

1949
00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:55,829
arguing simply from a probabilistic
standpoint you know what are the odds

1950
00:37:55,829 --> 00:37:55,839
standpoint you know what are the odds
 

1951
00:37:55,839 --> 00:37:58,470
standpoint you know what are the odds
that we would be lucky enough like tycho

1952
00:37:58,470 --> 00:37:58,480
that we would be lucky enough like tycho
 

1953
00:37:58,480 --> 00:37:59,430
that we would be lucky enough like tycho
to see

1954
00:37:59,430 --> 00:37:59,440
to see
 

1955
00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:03,510
to see
the once per millennium uh supernova uh

1956
00:38:03,510 --> 00:38:03,520
the once per millennium uh supernova uh
 

1957
00:38:03,520 --> 00:38:05,750
the once per millennium uh supernova uh
the odds uh priori odds are this that

1958
00:38:05,750 --> 00:38:05,760
the odds uh priori odds are this that
 

1959
00:38:05,760 --> 00:38:07,109
the odds uh priori odds are this that
we're if we're going to see something at

1960
00:38:07,109 --> 00:38:07,119
we're if we're going to see something at
 

1961
00:38:07,119 --> 00:38:09,109
we're if we're going to see something at
all it's much more frequent

1962
00:38:09,109 --> 00:38:09,119
all it's much more frequent
 

1963
00:38:09,119 --> 00:38:10,069
all it's much more frequent
and

1964
00:38:10,069 --> 00:38:10,079
and
 

1965
00:38:10,079 --> 00:38:11,750
and
and that would be consistent with the

1966
00:38:11,750 --> 00:38:11,760
and that would be consistent with the
 

1967
00:38:11,760 --> 00:38:13,349
and that would be consistent with the
impact of say something

1968
00:38:13,349 --> 00:38:13,359
impact of say something
 

1969
00:38:13,359 --> 00:38:16,310
impact of say something
like a one or two kilometer body

1970
00:38:16,310 --> 00:38:16,320
like a one or two kilometer body
 

1971
00:38:16,320 --> 00:38:18,230
like a one or two kilometer body
or a parent body rather than a 10

1972
00:38:18,230 --> 00:38:18,240
or a parent body rather than a 10
 

1973
00:38:18,240 --> 00:38:19,430
or a parent body rather than a 10
kilometer

1974
00:38:19,430 --> 00:38:19,440
kilometer
 

1975
00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:22,630
kilometer
size

1976
00:38:22,630 --> 00:38:22,640

 

1977
00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:24,230

since jupiter

1978
00:38:24,230 --> 00:38:24,240
since jupiter
 

1979
00:38:24,240 --> 00:38:27,109
since jupiter
name and affiliation oh sorry uh linda

1980
00:38:27,109 --> 00:38:27,119
name and affiliation oh sorry uh linda
 

1981
00:38:27,119 --> 00:38:28,790
name and affiliation oh sorry uh linda
howe uh chancellor communications

1982
00:38:28,790 --> 00:38:28,800
howe uh chancellor communications
 

1983
00:38:28,800 --> 00:38:31,510
howe uh chancellor communications
philadelphia since jupiter is a planet

1984
00:38:31,510 --> 00:38:31,520
philadelphia since jupiter is a planet
 

1985
00:38:31,520 --> 00:38:34,630
philadelphia since jupiter is a planet
that is largely made of hydrogen gas

1986
00:38:34,630 --> 00:38:34,640
that is largely made of hydrogen gas
 

1987
00:38:34,640 --> 00:38:37,270
that is largely made of hydrogen gas
what prevents the large plume explosions

1988
00:38:37,270 --> 00:38:37,280
what prevents the large plume explosions
 

1989
00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:41,510
what prevents the large plume explosions
from spreading planet wide

1990
00:38:41,510 --> 00:38:41,520

 

1991
00:38:41,520 --> 00:38:43,670

well i can try that

1992
00:38:43,670 --> 00:38:43,680
well i can try that
 

1993
00:38:43,680 --> 00:38:46,710
well i can try that
hydrogen as as we know is very flammable

1994
00:38:46,710 --> 00:38:46,720
hydrogen as as we know is very flammable
 

1995
00:38:46,720 --> 00:38:48,310
hydrogen as as we know is very flammable
but you need oxygen

1996
00:38:48,310 --> 00:38:48,320
but you need oxygen
 

1997
00:38:48,320 --> 00:38:51,430
but you need oxygen
to uh to keep the combustion going and

1998
00:38:51,430 --> 00:38:51,440
to uh to keep the combustion going and
 

1999
00:38:51,440 --> 00:38:53,430
to uh to keep the combustion going and
jupiter the hydrogen is just there all

2000
00:38:53,430 --> 00:38:53,440
jupiter the hydrogen is just there all
 

2001
00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:56,230
jupiter the hydrogen is just there all
by itself just sitting there very cold

2002
00:38:56,230 --> 00:38:56,240
by itself just sitting there very cold
 

2003
00:38:56,240 --> 00:38:58,470
by itself just sitting there very cold
and it says inert as

2004
00:38:58,470 --> 00:38:58,480
and it says inert as
 

2005
00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:00,550
and it says inert as
stale bread

2006
00:39:00,550 --> 00:39:00,560
stale bread
 

2007
00:39:00,560 --> 00:39:01,990
stale bread
as

2008
00:39:01,990 --> 00:39:02,000
as
 

2009
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:03,990
as
so i don't think

2010
00:39:03,990 --> 00:39:04,000
so i don't think
 

2011
00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:05,589
so i don't think
i

2012
00:39:05,589 --> 00:39:05,599
i
 

2013
00:39:05,599 --> 00:39:07,829
i
as far as another question related to

2014
00:39:07,829 --> 00:39:07,839
as far as another question related to
 

2015
00:39:07,839 --> 00:39:10,390
as far as another question related to
yours

2016
00:39:10,390 --> 00:39:10,400

 

2017
00:39:10,400 --> 00:39:13,349

because so many people watch 2010 these

2018
00:39:13,349 --> 00:39:13,359
because so many people watch 2010 these
 

2019
00:39:13,359 --> 00:39:14,870
because so many people watch 2010 these
days

2020
00:39:14,870 --> 00:39:14,880
days
 

2021
00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:18,150
days
these comets are far too small

2022
00:39:18,150 --> 00:39:18,160
these comets are far too small
 

2023
00:39:18,160 --> 00:39:20,390
these comets are far too small
by many orders of magnitude

2024
00:39:20,390 --> 00:39:20,400
by many orders of magnitude
 

2025
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:23,030
by many orders of magnitude
to start any nuclear fusion from taking

2026
00:39:23,030 --> 00:39:23,040
to start any nuclear fusion from taking
 

2027
00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:24,950
to start any nuclear fusion from taking
place inside jupiter that's not what

2028
00:39:24,950 --> 00:39:24,960
place inside jupiter that's not what
 

2029
00:39:24,960 --> 00:39:27,109
place inside jupiter that's not what
this is about at all

2030
00:39:27,109 --> 00:39:27,119
this is about at all
 

2031
00:39:27,119 --> 00:39:29,589
this is about at all
um jupiter is not going to catch on fire

2032
00:39:29,589 --> 00:39:29,599
um jupiter is not going to catch on fire
 

2033
00:39:29,599 --> 00:39:31,750
um jupiter is not going to catch on fire
there's no oxygen to support that did i

2034
00:39:31,750 --> 00:39:31,760
there's no oxygen to support that did i
 

2035
00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:33,190
there's no oxygen to support that did i
do okay

2036
00:39:33,190 --> 00:39:33,200
do okay
 

2037
00:39:33,200 --> 00:39:34,710
do okay
i'm not was that the sense of your

2038
00:39:34,710 --> 00:39:34,720
i'm not was that the sense of your
 

2039
00:39:34,720 --> 00:39:35,910
i'm not was that the sense of your
question

2040
00:39:35,910 --> 00:39:35,920
question
 

2041
00:39:35,920 --> 00:39:36,790
question
well

2042
00:39:36,790 --> 00:39:36,800
well
 

2043
00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:38,790
well
any kind of explo it could be either way

2044
00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:38,800
any kind of explo it could be either way
 

2045
00:39:38,800 --> 00:39:40,390
any kind of explo it could be either way
i wasn't thinking necessarily of a

2046
00:39:40,390 --> 00:39:40,400
i wasn't thinking necessarily of a
 

2047
00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:42,550
i wasn't thinking necessarily of a
nuclear explosion like a sun but just

2048
00:39:42,550 --> 00:39:42,560
nuclear explosion like a sun but just
 

2049
00:39:42,560 --> 00:39:44,630
nuclear explosion like a sun but just
what would keep the hydrogen from

2050
00:39:44,630 --> 00:39:44,640
what would keep the hydrogen from
 

2051
00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:46,790
what would keep the hydrogen from
continuing to explode and explode if

2052
00:39:46,790 --> 00:39:46,800
continuing to explode and explode if
 

2053
00:39:46,800 --> 00:39:47,750
continuing to explode and explode if
they are

2054
00:39:47,750 --> 00:39:47,760
they are
 

2055
00:39:47,760 --> 00:39:49,190
they are
going to be massive as you've

2056
00:39:49,190 --> 00:39:49,200
going to be massive as you've
 

2057
00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:50,950
going to be massive as you've
demonstrated here why wouldn't it just

2058
00:39:50,950 --> 00:39:50,960
demonstrated here why wouldn't it just
 

2059
00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:51,990
demonstrated here why wouldn't it just
keep

2060
00:39:51,990 --> 00:39:52,000
keep
 

2061
00:39:52,000 --> 00:39:53,829
keep
exploding with more and more hydrogen

2062
00:39:53,829 --> 00:39:53,839
exploding with more and more hydrogen
 

2063
00:39:53,839 --> 00:39:55,589
exploding with more and more hydrogen
bear in mind what's happening it's not

2064
00:39:55,589 --> 00:39:55,599
bear in mind what's happening it's not
 

2065
00:39:55,599 --> 00:39:58,150
bear in mind what's happening it's not
that the hydrogen is burning or

2066
00:39:58,150 --> 00:39:58,160
that the hydrogen is burning or
 

2067
00:39:58,160 --> 00:40:00,150
that the hydrogen is burning or
that sort of thing it's just that a

2068
00:40:00,150 --> 00:40:00,160
that sort of thing it's just that a
 

2069
00:40:00,160 --> 00:40:02,230
that sort of thing it's just that a
tremendous amount of energy

2070
00:40:02,230 --> 00:40:02,240
tremendous amount of energy
 

2071
00:40:02,240 --> 00:40:04,790
tremendous amount of energy
is dumped into the atmosphere of jupiter

2072
00:40:04,790 --> 00:40:04,800
is dumped into the atmosphere of jupiter
 

2073
00:40:04,800 --> 00:40:07,109
is dumped into the atmosphere of jupiter
by a very strong shock wave

2074
00:40:07,109 --> 00:40:07,119
by a very strong shock wave
 

2075
00:40:07,119 --> 00:40:09,750
by a very strong shock wave
which heats the atmosphere up to several

2076
00:40:09,750 --> 00:40:09,760
which heats the atmosphere up to several
 

2077
00:40:09,760 --> 00:40:11,270
which heats the atmosphere up to several
tens of

2078
00:40:11,270 --> 00:40:11,280
tens of
 

2079
00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:13,349
tens of
thousands of degrees kelvin

2080
00:40:13,349 --> 00:40:13,359
thousands of degrees kelvin
 

2081
00:40:13,359 --> 00:40:16,150
thousands of degrees kelvin
so it's exceedingly hot in

2082
00:40:16,150 --> 00:40:16,160
so it's exceedingly hot in
 

2083
00:40:16,160 --> 00:40:18,150
so it's exceedingly hot in
in a very small region that's simply

2084
00:40:18,150 --> 00:40:18,160
in a very small region that's simply
 

2085
00:40:18,160 --> 00:40:20,069
in a very small region that's simply
because you have a body coming in at 60

2086
00:40:20,069 --> 00:40:20,079
because you have a body coming in at 60
 

2087
00:40:20,079 --> 00:40:22,390
because you have a body coming in at 60
kilometers per second in a very short

2088
00:40:22,390 --> 00:40:22,400
kilometers per second in a very short
 

2089
00:40:22,400 --> 00:40:24,310
kilometers per second in a very short
distance releases all of its kinetic

2090
00:40:24,310 --> 00:40:24,320
distance releases all of its kinetic
 

2091
00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:25,270
distance releases all of its kinetic
energy

2092
00:40:25,270 --> 00:40:25,280
energy
 

2093
00:40:25,280 --> 00:40:27,190
energy
uh so all you're really doing is just

2094
00:40:27,190 --> 00:40:27,200
uh so all you're really doing is just
 

2095
00:40:27,200 --> 00:40:28,870
uh so all you're really doing is just
you're point heating almost the

2096
00:40:28,870 --> 00:40:28,880
you're point heating almost the
 

2097
00:40:28,880 --> 00:40:30,470
you're point heating almost the
atmosphere

2098
00:40:30,470 --> 00:40:30,480
atmosphere
 

2099
00:40:30,480 --> 00:40:32,550
atmosphere
and what causes the eruption the plume

2100
00:40:32,550 --> 00:40:32,560
and what causes the eruption the plume
 

2101
00:40:32,560 --> 00:40:34,550
and what causes the eruption the plume
is that that just expands

2102
00:40:34,550 --> 00:40:34,560
is that that just expands
 

2103
00:40:34,560 --> 00:40:36,870
is that that just expands
and and becomes a buoyant bubble that

2104
00:40:36,870 --> 00:40:36,880
and and becomes a buoyant bubble that
 

2105
00:40:36,880 --> 00:40:41,109
and and becomes a buoyant bubble that
blows out the top

2106
00:40:41,109 --> 00:40:41,119

 

2107
00:40:41,119 --> 00:40:46,390

second option

2108
00:40:46,390 --> 00:40:46,400

 

2109
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:48,470

shoemaker glenda chu from the san jose

2110
00:40:48,470 --> 00:40:48,480
shoemaker glenda chu from the san jose
 

2111
00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:50,069
shoemaker glenda chu from the san jose
mercury news i wonder if you could

2112
00:40:50,069 --> 00:40:50,079
mercury news i wonder if you could
 

2113
00:40:50,079 --> 00:40:51,910
mercury news i wonder if you could
repeat the bit of news that you had this

2114
00:40:51,910 --> 00:40:51,920
repeat the bit of news that you had this
 

2115
00:40:51,920 --> 00:40:53,670
repeat the bit of news that you had this
evening about the two observatories that

2116
00:40:53,670 --> 00:40:53,680
evening about the two observatories that
 

2117
00:40:53,680 --> 00:40:55,829
evening about the two observatories that
actually think they have spotted plumes

2118
00:40:55,829 --> 00:40:55,839
actually think they have spotted plumes
 

2119
00:40:55,839 --> 00:40:57,190
actually think they have spotted plumes
where are those and what are the names

2120
00:40:57,190 --> 00:40:57,200
where are those and what are the names
 

2121
00:40:57,200 --> 00:40:58,950
where are those and what are the names
of them and if you could spell them it'd

2122
00:40:58,950 --> 00:40:58,960
of them and if you could spell them it'd
 

2123
00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:00,309
of them and if you could spell them it'd
be all for the better

2124
00:41:00,309 --> 00:41:00,319
be all for the better
 

2125
00:41:00,319 --> 00:41:01,990
be all for the better
and and the names of the scientists were

2126
00:41:01,990 --> 00:41:02,000
and and the names of the scientists were
 

2127
00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:03,670
and and the names of the scientists were
in charge there i could give those to

2128
00:41:03,670 --> 00:41:03,680
in charge there i could give those to
 

2129
00:41:03,680 --> 00:41:05,270
in charge there i could give those to
you yes

2130
00:41:05,270 --> 00:41:05,280
you yes
 

2131
00:41:05,280 --> 00:41:07,430
you yes
the first report that was received was

2132
00:41:07,430 --> 00:41:07,440
the first report that was received was
 

2133
00:41:07,440 --> 00:41:10,390
the first report that was received was
from calar alto which is in granada

2134
00:41:10,390 --> 00:41:10,400
from calar alto which is in granada
 

2135
00:41:10,400 --> 00:41:13,270
from calar alto which is in granada
spain c-a-l-a-r

2136
00:41:13,270 --> 00:41:13,280
spain c-a-l-a-r
 

2137
00:41:13,280 --> 00:41:17,030
spain c-a-l-a-r
second word a-l-t-o

2138
00:41:17,030 --> 00:41:17,040

 

2139
00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:20,950

the observers were tom herbst

2140
00:41:20,950 --> 00:41:20,960
the observers were tom herbst
 

2141
00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:23,510
the observers were tom herbst
h-e-r-b-s-t

2142
00:41:23,510 --> 00:41:23,520
h-e-r-b-s-t
 

2143
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:26,710
h-e-r-b-s-t
doug hamilton

2144
00:41:26,710 --> 00:41:26,720

 

2145
00:41:26,720 --> 00:41:30,790

jose ortiz

2146
00:41:30,790 --> 00:41:30,800

 

2147
00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:32,230

hermann

2148
00:41:32,230 --> 00:41:32,240
hermann
 

2149
00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:33,750
hermann
buhart

2150
00:41:33,750 --> 00:41:33,760
buhart
 

2151
00:41:33,760 --> 00:41:37,510
buhart
i have it down as b o e h h a b o yes b

2152
00:41:37,510 --> 00:41:37,520
i have it down as b o e h h a b o yes b
 

2153
00:41:37,520 --> 00:41:40,550
i have it down as b o e h h a b o yes b
o e h h a r d t i hope i transcribed it

2154
00:41:40,550 --> 00:41:40,560
o e h h a r d t i hope i transcribed it
 

2155
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:42,230
o e h h a r d t i hope i transcribed it
correctly

2156
00:41:42,230 --> 00:41:42,240
correctly
 

2157
00:41:42,240 --> 00:41:45,030
correctly
uh carl heinz mandel

2158
00:41:45,030 --> 00:41:45,040
uh carl heinz mandel
 

2159
00:41:45,040 --> 00:41:48,150
uh carl heinz mandel
c-i-r-l-h-e-i-n-z

2160
00:41:48,150 --> 00:41:48,160

 

2161
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:51,030

mandel m-a-n-d-e-l

2162
00:41:51,030 --> 00:41:51,040
mandel m-a-n-d-e-l
 

2163
00:41:51,040 --> 00:41:55,829
mandel m-a-n-d-e-l
and alex fiedler

2164
00:41:55,829 --> 00:41:55,839

 

2165
00:41:55,839 --> 00:41:57,910

and that's for they are observing at

2166
00:41:57,910 --> 00:41:57,920
and that's for they are observing at
 

2167
00:41:57,920 --> 00:42:00,950
and that's for they are observing at
calar alto spain

2168
00:42:00,950 --> 00:42:00,960
calar alto spain
 

2169
00:42:00,960 --> 00:42:03,750
calar alto spain
the second report this is from a 3.5

2170
00:42:03,750 --> 00:42:03,760
the second report this is from a 3.5
 

2171
00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:06,950
the second report this is from a 3.5
meter telescope it's a big telescope

2172
00:42:06,950 --> 00:42:06,960
meter telescope it's a big telescope
 

2173
00:42:06,960 --> 00:42:09,430
meter telescope it's a big telescope
the second report is from the nordic

2174
00:42:09,430 --> 00:42:09,440
the second report is from the nordic
 

2175
00:42:09,440 --> 00:42:12,390
the second report is from the nordic
optical telescope at la cia

2176
00:42:12,390 --> 00:42:12,400
optical telescope at la cia
 

2177
00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:13,990
optical telescope at la cia
chile

2178
00:42:13,990 --> 00:42:14,000
chile
 

2179
00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:16,710
chile
the report was relayed on by richard

2180
00:42:16,710 --> 00:42:16,720
the report was relayed on by richard
 

2181
00:42:16,720 --> 00:42:18,230
the report was relayed on by richard
west

2182
00:42:18,230 --> 00:42:18,240
west
 

2183
00:42:18,240 --> 00:42:20,309
west
of the european southern observatory but

2184
00:42:20,309 --> 00:42:20,319
of the european southern observatory but
 

2185
00:42:20,319 --> 00:42:22,470
of the european southern observatory but
i do not have information on who the

2186
00:42:22,470 --> 00:42:22,480
i do not have information on who the
 

2187
00:42:22,480 --> 00:42:24,630
i do not have information on who the
actual observers were

2188
00:42:24,630 --> 00:42:24,640
actual observers were
 

2189
00:42:24,640 --> 00:42:26,710
actual observers were
i'm sure that that will become public

2190
00:42:26,710 --> 00:42:26,720
i'm sure that that will become public
 

2191
00:42:26,720 --> 00:42:30,230
i'm sure that that will become public
very soon

2192
00:42:30,230 --> 00:42:30,240

 

2193
00:42:30,240 --> 00:42:37,990

two words l-a-n-s-i-l-l-a

2194
00:42:37,990 --> 00:42:38,000

 

2195
00:42:38,000 --> 00:42:42,230

pardon me

2196
00:42:42,230 --> 00:42:42,240

 

2197
00:42:42,240 --> 00:42:45,190

the time reported from calar alto the

2198
00:42:45,190 --> 00:42:45,200
the time reported from calar alto the
 

2199
00:42:45,200 --> 00:42:47,510
the time reported from calar alto the
plume was observed at

2200
00:42:47,510 --> 00:42:47,520
plume was observed at
 

2201
00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:52,950
plume was observed at
20 hours 18 minutes universal time

2202
00:42:52,950 --> 00:42:52,960

 

2203
00:42:52,960 --> 00:42:55,670

versus a predicted impact time

2204
00:42:55,670 --> 00:42:55,680
versus a predicted impact time
 

2205
00:42:55,680 --> 00:42:58,790
versus a predicted impact time
of 20 hours even

2206
00:42:58,790 --> 00:42:58,800
of 20 hours even
 

2207
00:42:58,800 --> 00:42:59,670
of 20 hours even
by

2208
00:42:59,670 --> 00:42:59,680
by
 

2209
00:42:59,680 --> 00:43:00,390
by
the

2210
00:43:00,390 --> 00:43:00,400
the
 

2211
00:43:00,400 --> 00:43:04,069
the
jpl team of paul chodes and don yumans

2212
00:43:04,069 --> 00:43:04,079
jpl team of paul chodes and don yumans
 

2213
00:43:04,079 --> 00:43:06,630
jpl team of paul chodes and don yumans
that means that the uh the predictions

2214
00:43:06,630 --> 00:43:06,640
that means that the uh the predictions
 

2215
00:43:06,640 --> 00:43:08,870
that means that the uh the predictions
from chodes and yeomans were really very

2216
00:43:08,870 --> 00:43:08,880
from chodes and yeomans were really very
 

2217
00:43:08,880 --> 00:43:11,670
from chodes and yeomans were really very
they're very good extremely uh take one

2218
00:43:11,670 --> 00:43:11,680
they're very good extremely uh take one
 

2219
00:43:11,680 --> 00:43:13,990
they're very good extremely uh take one
more question from here go to one of the

2220
00:43:13,990 --> 00:43:14,000
more question from here go to one of the
 

2221
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:16,550
more question from here go to one of the
centers and then come back

2222
00:43:16,550 --> 00:43:16,560
centers and then come back
 

2223
00:43:16,560 --> 00:43:19,190
centers and then come back
it's an uh nhk

2224
00:43:19,190 --> 00:43:19,200
it's an uh nhk
 

2225
00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:21,349
it's an uh nhk
um at ten o'clock we're expecting images

2226
00:43:21,349 --> 00:43:21,359
um at ten o'clock we're expecting images
 

2227
00:43:21,359 --> 00:43:24,470
um at ten o'clock we're expecting images
in the visible light range from hubble

2228
00:43:24,470 --> 00:43:24,480
in the visible light range from hubble
 

2229
00:43:24,480 --> 00:43:26,069
in the visible light range from hubble
and uh we're curious about some of the

2230
00:43:26,069 --> 00:43:26,079
and uh we're curious about some of the
 

2231
00:43:26,079 --> 00:43:28,710
and uh we're curious about some of the
other uh areas that have been explored

2232
00:43:28,710 --> 00:43:28,720
other uh areas that have been explored
 

2233
00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:31,510
other uh areas that have been explored
in terms of the spectrum

2234
00:43:31,510 --> 00:43:31,520
in terms of the spectrum
 

2235
00:43:31,520 --> 00:43:34,069
in terms of the spectrum
have you heard of reports from uh

2236
00:43:34,069 --> 00:43:34,079
have you heard of reports from uh
 

2237
00:43:34,079 --> 00:43:36,870
have you heard of reports from uh
in the infrared range ultraviolet

2238
00:43:36,870 --> 00:43:36,880
in the infrared range ultraviolet
 

2239
00:43:36,880 --> 00:43:39,589
in the infrared range ultraviolet
uh even perhaps

2240
00:43:39,589 --> 00:43:39,599
uh even perhaps
 

2241
00:43:39,599 --> 00:43:44,150
uh even perhaps
in the radio telescope areas as well

2242
00:43:44,150 --> 00:43:44,160

 

2243
00:43:44,160 --> 00:43:47,109

there has been a report that's come over

2244
00:43:47,109 --> 00:43:47,119
there has been a report that's come over
 

2245
00:43:47,119 --> 00:43:50,470
there has been a report that's come over
the news wires from japan

2246
00:43:50,470 --> 00:43:50,480
the news wires from japan
 

2247
00:43:50,480 --> 00:43:53,030
the news wires from japan
uh

2248
00:43:53,030 --> 00:43:53,040

 

2249
00:43:53,040 --> 00:43:57,030

let's see miles here

2250
00:43:57,030 --> 00:43:57,040

 

2251
00:43:57,040 --> 00:43:59,190

don't see it

2252
00:43:59,190 --> 00:43:59,200
don't see it
 

2253
00:43:59,200 --> 00:44:01,589
don't see it
this is a report uh by the japanese

2254
00:44:01,589 --> 00:44:01,599
this is a report uh by the japanese
 

2255
00:44:01,599 --> 00:44:03,589
this is a report uh by the japanese
observer not familiar to me in the radio

2256
00:44:03,589 --> 00:44:03,599
observer not familiar to me in the radio
 

2257
00:44:03,599 --> 00:44:04,550
observer not familiar to me in the radio
region

2258
00:44:04,550 --> 00:44:04,560
region
 

2259
00:44:04,560 --> 00:44:07,109
region
reporting and and it's not specified as

2260
00:44:07,109 --> 00:44:07,119
reporting and and it's not specified as
 

2261
00:44:07,119 --> 00:44:10,309
reporting and and it's not specified as
to the wavelength region

2262
00:44:10,309 --> 00:44:10,319
to the wavelength region
 

2263
00:44:10,319 --> 00:44:13,190
to the wavelength region
that the radio emission from jupiter

2264
00:44:13,190 --> 00:44:13,200
that the radio emission from jupiter
 

2265
00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:15,349
that the radio emission from jupiter
this is already before the impact of

2266
00:44:15,349 --> 00:44:15,359
this is already before the impact of
 

2267
00:44:15,359 --> 00:44:18,069
this is already before the impact of
fragment a it's about a day ago

2268
00:44:18,069 --> 00:44:18,079
fragment a it's about a day ago
 

2269
00:44:18,079 --> 00:44:20,829
fragment a it's about a day ago
it increased by a factor between 10 and

2270
00:44:20,829 --> 00:44:20,839
it increased by a factor between 10 and
 

2271
00:44:20,839 --> 00:44:24,069
it increased by a factor between 10 and
100. but we i've not seen any details on

2272
00:44:24,069 --> 00:44:24,079
100. but we i've not seen any details on
 

2273
00:44:24,079 --> 00:44:25,750
100. but we i've not seen any details on
that so that's the only thing i know of

2274
00:44:25,750 --> 00:44:25,760
that so that's the only thing i know of
 

2275
00:44:25,760 --> 00:44:27,430
that so that's the only thing i know of
in the radio region

2276
00:44:27,430 --> 00:44:27,440
in the radio region
 

2277
00:44:27,440 --> 00:44:29,750
in the radio region
i expect we're going to see a lot of

2278
00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:29,760
i expect we're going to see a lot of
 

2279
00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:32,309
i expect we're going to see a lot of
reports coming in in the next 24 hours

2280
00:44:32,309 --> 00:44:32,319
reports coming in in the next 24 hours
 

2281
00:44:32,319 --> 00:44:33,750
reports coming in in the next 24 hours
from radio observers i'll be very

2282
00:44:33,750 --> 00:44:33,760
from radio observers i'll be very
 

2283
00:44:33,760 --> 00:44:36,150
from radio observers i'll be very
surprised if we don't see discrete

2284
00:44:36,150 --> 00:44:36,160
surprised if we don't see discrete
 

2285
00:44:36,160 --> 00:44:38,790
surprised if we don't see discrete
pulses from these impact events that's

2286
00:44:38,790 --> 00:44:38,800
pulses from these impact events that's
 

2287
00:44:38,800 --> 00:44:40,870
pulses from these impact events that's
all i know of at the present time so

2288
00:44:40,870 --> 00:44:40,880
all i know of at the present time so
 

2289
00:44:40,880 --> 00:44:43,030
all i know of at the present time so
actually we only knew of these things a

2290
00:44:43,030 --> 00:44:43,040
actually we only knew of these things a
 

2291
00:44:43,040 --> 00:44:44,710
actually we only knew of these things a
couple of hours ago so

2292
00:44:44,710 --> 00:44:44,720
couple of hours ago so
 

2293
00:44:44,720 --> 00:44:46,790
couple of hours ago so
it's all very fresh

2294
00:44:46,790 --> 00:44:46,800
it's all very fresh
 

2295
00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:49,829
it's all very fresh
i'd like to go to uh

2296
00:44:49,829 --> 00:44:49,839
i'd like to go to uh
 

2297
00:44:49,839 --> 00:44:51,670
i'd like to go to uh
me please we're going to have to take a

2298
00:44:51,670 --> 00:44:51,680
me please we're going to have to take a
 

2299
00:44:51,680 --> 00:44:53,270
me please we're going to have to take a
question from the johnson space center

2300
00:44:53,270 --> 00:44:53,280
question from the johnson space center
 

2301
00:44:53,280 --> 00:44:55,270
question from the johnson space center
now and we will come back to four more

2302
00:44:55,270 --> 00:44:55,280
now and we will come back to four more
 

2303
00:44:55,280 --> 00:44:57,109
now and we will come back to four more
questions here in a moment

2304
00:44:57,109 --> 00:44:57,119
questions here in a moment
 

2305
00:44:57,119 --> 00:44:59,349
questions here in a moment
johnson are you online

2306
00:44:59,349 --> 00:44:59,359
johnson are you online
 

2307
00:44:59,359 --> 00:45:02,710
johnson are you online
name an affiliation please this is

2308
00:45:02,710 --> 00:45:02,720
name an affiliation please this is
 

2309
00:45:02,720 --> 00:45:05,349
name an affiliation please this is
this is dan feldstein from the houston

2310
00:45:05,349 --> 00:45:05,359
this is dan feldstein from the houston
 

2311
00:45:05,359 --> 00:45:06,230
this is dan feldstein from the houston
post

2312
00:45:06,230 --> 00:45:06,240
post
 

2313
00:45:06,240 --> 00:45:08,790
post
and i was wondering uh you've heard the

2314
00:45:08,790 --> 00:45:08,800
and i was wondering uh you've heard the
 

2315
00:45:08,800 --> 00:45:09,990
and i was wondering uh you've heard the
two

2316
00:45:09,990 --> 00:45:10,000
two
 

2317
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,550
two
reports that they have seen a plume

2318
00:45:12,550 --> 00:45:12,560
reports that they have seen a plume
 

2319
00:45:12,560 --> 00:45:14,630
reports that they have seen a plume
i was wondering have you heard from

2320
00:45:14,630 --> 00:45:14,640
i was wondering have you heard from
 

2321
00:45:14,640 --> 00:45:17,510
i was wondering have you heard from
people who were looking and did not see

2322
00:45:17,510 --> 00:45:17,520
people who were looking and did not see
 

2323
00:45:17,520 --> 00:45:18,550
people who were looking and did not see
anything

2324
00:45:18,550 --> 00:45:18,560
anything
 

2325
00:45:18,560 --> 00:45:20,710
anything
and have you gotten many of those or

2326
00:45:20,710 --> 00:45:20,720
and have you gotten many of those or
 

2327
00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:22,710
and have you gotten many of those or
could you characterize how many folks

2328
00:45:22,710 --> 00:45:22,720
could you characterize how many folks
 

2329
00:45:22,720 --> 00:45:28,230
could you characterize how many folks
called in and said i didn't see anything

2330
00:45:28,230 --> 00:45:28,240

 

2331
00:45:28,240 --> 00:45:30,309

i've only heard about fourth hand that

2332
00:45:30,309 --> 00:45:30,319
i've only heard about fourth hand that
 

2333
00:45:30,319 --> 00:45:32,630
i've only heard about fourth hand that
people have tried to observe in the

2334
00:45:32,630 --> 00:45:32,640
people have tried to observe in the
 

2335
00:45:32,640 --> 00:45:34,230
people have tried to observe in the
visible region of spectrum without

2336
00:45:34,230 --> 00:45:34,240
visible region of spectrum without
 

2337
00:45:34,240 --> 00:45:37,190
visible region of spectrum without
success but i have no re no real reason

2338
00:45:37,190 --> 00:45:37,200
success but i have no re no real reason
 

2339
00:45:37,200 --> 00:45:39,589
success but i have no re no real reason
to believe that that's strongly

2340
00:45:39,589 --> 00:45:39,599
to believe that that's strongly
 

2341
00:45:39,599 --> 00:45:40,550
to believe that that's strongly
uh

2342
00:45:40,550 --> 00:45:40,560
uh
 

2343
00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:42,790
uh
based i just don't know yeah we we just

2344
00:45:42,790 --> 00:45:42,800
based i just don't know yeah we we just
 

2345
00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:45,670
based i just don't know yeah we we just
checked the email just before coming

2346
00:45:45,670 --> 00:45:45,680
checked the email just before coming
 

2347
00:45:45,680 --> 00:45:48,390
checked the email just before coming
here and there didn't seem the only two

2348
00:45:48,390 --> 00:45:48,400
here and there didn't seem the only two
 

2349
00:45:48,400 --> 00:45:50,309
here and there didn't seem the only two
reports we got were those two positive

2350
00:45:50,309 --> 00:45:50,319
reports we got were those two positive
 

2351
00:45:50,319 --> 00:45:52,630
reports we got were those two positive
ones we did not get any negative

2352
00:45:52,630 --> 00:45:52,640
ones we did not get any negative
 

2353
00:45:52,640 --> 00:45:54,710
ones we did not get any negative
any negative ones i know that some of

2354
00:45:54,710 --> 00:45:54,720
any negative ones i know that some of
 

2355
00:45:54,720 --> 00:45:56,150
any negative ones i know that some of
the sites did report that they were

2356
00:45:56,150 --> 00:45:56,160
the sites did report that they were
 

2357
00:45:56,160 --> 00:45:58,150
the sites did report that they were
cloudy

2358
00:45:58,150 --> 00:45:58,160
cloudy
 

2359
00:45:58,160 --> 00:45:59,990
cloudy
but we i haven't received any other

2360
00:45:59,990 --> 00:46:00,000
but we i haven't received any other
 

2361
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:02,230
but we i haven't received any other
reports

2362
00:46:02,230 --> 00:46:02,240
reports
 

2363
00:46:02,240 --> 00:46:03,910
reports
we'll uh take one question from jet

2364
00:46:03,910 --> 00:46:03,920
we'll uh take one question from jet
 

2365
00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:06,069
we'll uh take one question from jet
propulsion laboratory in california go

2366
00:46:06,069 --> 00:46:06,079
propulsion laboratory in california go
 

2367
00:46:06,079 --> 00:46:08,470
propulsion laboratory in california go
ahead please name an affiliation

2368
00:46:08,470 --> 00:46:08,480
ahead please name an affiliation
 

2369
00:46:08,480 --> 00:46:10,309
ahead please name an affiliation
uh this is robert lee host of the los

2370
00:46:10,309 --> 00:46:10,319
uh this is robert lee host of the los
 

2371
00:46:10,319 --> 00:46:12,829
uh this is robert lee host of the los
angeles times i wonder if you could tell

2372
00:46:12,829 --> 00:46:12,839
angeles times i wonder if you could tell
 

2373
00:46:12,839 --> 00:46:15,670
angeles times i wonder if you could tell
us based on the sketchy preliminary

2374
00:46:15,670 --> 00:46:15,680
us based on the sketchy preliminary
 

2375
00:46:15,680 --> 00:46:17,829
us based on the sketchy preliminary
observations that you've had reports on

2376
00:46:17,829 --> 00:46:17,839
observations that you've had reports on
 

2377
00:46:17,839 --> 00:46:19,910
observations that you've had reports on
whether the plumes that were observed

2378
00:46:19,910 --> 00:46:19,920
whether the plumes that were observed
 

2379
00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:21,910
whether the plumes that were observed
bear any resemblance to

2380
00:46:21,910 --> 00:46:21,920
bear any resemblance to
 

2381
00:46:21,920 --> 00:46:23,910
bear any resemblance to
that interesting simulation you just ran

2382
00:46:23,910 --> 00:46:23,920
that interesting simulation you just ran
 

2383
00:46:23,920 --> 00:46:28,630
that interesting simulation you just ran
for us

2384
00:46:28,630 --> 00:46:28,640

 

2385
00:46:28,640 --> 00:46:31,510

well my interpretation and this is

2386
00:46:31,510 --> 00:46:31,520
well my interpretation and this is
 

2387
00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:33,829
well my interpretation and this is
really you have to be very careful now

2388
00:46:33,829 --> 00:46:33,839
really you have to be very careful now
 

2389
00:46:33,839 --> 00:46:35,349
really you have to be very careful now
because we're working with very little

2390
00:46:35,349 --> 00:46:35,359
because we're working with very little
 

2391
00:46:35,359 --> 00:46:36,870
because we're working with very little
information

2392
00:46:36,870 --> 00:46:36,880
information
 

2393
00:46:36,880 --> 00:46:40,309
information
uh but in order for the plume to be seen

2394
00:46:40,309 --> 00:46:40,319
uh but in order for the plume to be seen
 

2395
00:46:40,319 --> 00:46:42,550
uh but in order for the plume to be seen
at all

2396
00:46:42,550 --> 00:46:42,560
at all
 

2397
00:46:42,560 --> 00:46:45,190
at all
it has to be in fact at the time given

2398
00:46:45,190 --> 00:46:45,200
it has to be in fact at the time given
 

2399
00:46:45,200 --> 00:46:48,550
it has to be in fact at the time given
it would be very near the limb

2400
00:46:48,550 --> 00:46:48,560
it would be very near the limb
 

2401
00:46:48,560 --> 00:46:49,349
it would be very near the limb
and

2402
00:46:49,349 --> 00:46:49,359
and
 

2403
00:46:49,359 --> 00:46:50,790
and
i think it would

2404
00:46:50,790 --> 00:46:50,800
i think it would
 

2405
00:46:50,800 --> 00:46:52,710
i think it would
he would be very consistent with the

2406
00:46:52,710 --> 00:46:52,720
he would be very consistent with the
 

2407
00:46:52,720 --> 00:46:55,349
he would be very consistent with the
simulation that i showed

2408
00:46:55,349 --> 00:46:55,359
simulation that i showed
 

2409
00:46:55,359 --> 00:46:57,430
simulation that i showed
to have a plume rising

2410
00:46:57,430 --> 00:46:57,440
to have a plume rising
 

2411
00:46:57,440 --> 00:47:00,710
to have a plume rising
up to about a thousand kilometers above

2412
00:47:00,710 --> 00:47:00,720
up to about a thousand kilometers above
 

2413
00:47:00,720 --> 00:47:02,630
up to about a thousand kilometers above
the limb

2414
00:47:02,630 --> 00:47:02,640
the limb
 

2415
00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:04,870
the limb
to be visible and to be as bright as it

2416
00:47:04,870 --> 00:47:04,880
to be visible and to be as bright as it
 

2417
00:47:04,880 --> 00:47:07,030
to be visible and to be as bright as it
was reported but we've got to see lots

2418
00:47:07,030 --> 00:47:07,040
was reported but we've got to see lots
 

2419
00:47:07,040 --> 00:47:10,790
was reported but we've got to see lots
more

2420
00:47:10,790 --> 00:47:10,800

 

2421
00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:12,550

you know follow up at jpl then we'll

2422
00:47:12,550 --> 00:47:12,560
you know follow up at jpl then we'll
 

2423
00:47:12,560 --> 00:47:13,990
you know follow up at jpl then we'll
come back here to this telescope

2424
00:47:13,990 --> 00:47:14,000
come back here to this telescope
 

2425
00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:24,470
come back here to this telescope
institute

2426
00:47:24,470 --> 00:47:24,480

 

2427
00:47:24,480 --> 00:47:25,990

am i up

2428
00:47:25,990 --> 00:47:26,000
am i up
 

2429
00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:28,550
am i up
go ahead yep this is alan mayerson from

2430
00:47:28,550 --> 00:47:28,560
go ahead yep this is alan mayerson from
 

2431
00:47:28,560 --> 00:47:30,069
go ahead yep this is alan mayerson from
national geographic magazine dr

2432
00:47:30,069 --> 00:47:30,079
national geographic magazine dr
 

2433
00:47:30,079 --> 00:47:31,910
national geographic magazine dr
schumacher you mentioned that article by

2434
00:47:31,910 --> 00:47:31,920
schumacher you mentioned that article by
 

2435
00:47:31,920 --> 00:47:33,750
schumacher you mentioned that article by
willie benz in nature

2436
00:47:33,750 --> 00:47:33,760
willie benz in nature
 

2437
00:47:33,760 --> 00:47:36,069
willie benz in nature
and the article said that um you know

2438
00:47:36,069 --> 00:47:36,079
and the article said that um you know
 

2439
00:47:36,079 --> 00:47:37,670
and the article said that um you know
that the comment wasn't supposed to be

2440
00:47:37,670 --> 00:47:37,680
that the comment wasn't supposed to be
 

2441
00:47:37,680 --> 00:47:38,390
that the comment wasn't supposed to be
one

2442
00:47:38,390 --> 00:47:38,400
one
 

2443
00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:40,390
one
um solid body but many fragments and i

2444
00:47:40,390 --> 00:47:40,400
um solid body but many fragments and i
 

2445
00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:42,309
um solid body but many fragments and i
just wonder whether or not the fact that

2446
00:47:42,309 --> 00:47:42,319
just wonder whether or not the fact that
 

2447
00:47:42,319 --> 00:47:43,910
just wonder whether or not the fact that
there have been two

2448
00:47:43,910 --> 00:47:43,920
there have been two
 

2449
00:47:43,920 --> 00:47:46,390
there have been two
two confirmations of the of the plume is

2450
00:47:46,390 --> 00:47:46,400
two confirmations of the of the plume is
 

2451
00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:48,470
two confirmations of the of the plume is
consistent with that theory that is to

2452
00:47:48,470 --> 00:47:48,480
consistent with that theory that is to
 

2453
00:47:48,480 --> 00:47:49,510
consistent with that theory that is to
say that

2454
00:47:49,510 --> 00:47:49,520
say that
 

2455
00:47:49,520 --> 00:47:50,870
say that
i thought the fact that if the comet

2456
00:47:50,870 --> 00:47:50,880
i thought the fact that if the comet
 

2457
00:47:50,880 --> 00:47:53,510
i thought the fact that if the comet
were made up of many smaller parts that

2458
00:47:53,510 --> 00:47:53,520
were made up of many smaller parts that
 

2459
00:47:53,520 --> 00:47:55,430
were made up of many smaller parts that
it would have just uh dissipated in the

2460
00:47:55,430 --> 00:47:55,440
it would have just uh dissipated in the
 

2461
00:47:55,440 --> 00:47:57,349
it would have just uh dissipated in the
atmosphere and not created a plume like

2462
00:47:57,349 --> 00:47:57,359
atmosphere and not created a plume like
 

2463
00:47:57,359 --> 00:47:59,270
atmosphere and not created a plume like
that

2464
00:47:59,270 --> 00:47:59,280
that
 

2465
00:47:59,280 --> 00:48:02,069
that
well that was a conclusion

2466
00:48:02,069 --> 00:48:02,079
well that was a conclusion
 

2467
00:48:02,079 --> 00:48:04,710
well that was a conclusion
drawn by paul weissman in a commentary

2468
00:48:04,710 --> 00:48:04,720
drawn by paul weissman in a commentary
 

2469
00:48:04,720 --> 00:48:07,670
drawn by paul weissman in a commentary
on the article by askfog and benz

2470
00:48:07,670 --> 00:48:07,680
on the article by askfog and benz
 

2471
00:48:07,680 --> 00:48:10,390
on the article by askfog and benz
predicting the great fizzle

2472
00:48:10,390 --> 00:48:10,400
predicting the great fizzle
 

2473
00:48:10,400 --> 00:48:11,910
predicting the great fizzle
uh and if the reports that we've

2474
00:48:11,910 --> 00:48:11,920
uh and if the reports that we've
 

2475
00:48:11,920 --> 00:48:13,829
uh and if the reports that we've
received from spain and chile are

2476
00:48:13,829 --> 00:48:13,839
received from spain and chile are
 

2477
00:48:13,839 --> 00:48:15,510
received from spain and chile are
correct

2478
00:48:15,510 --> 00:48:15,520
correct
 

2479
00:48:15,520 --> 00:48:18,309
correct
it's not a great fizzle

2480
00:48:18,309 --> 00:48:18,319
it's not a great fizzle
 

2481
00:48:18,319 --> 00:48:19,349
it's not a great fizzle
so

2482
00:48:19,349 --> 00:48:19,359
so
 

2483
00:48:19,359 --> 00:48:21,109
so
you have to remember that

2484
00:48:21,109 --> 00:48:21,119
you have to remember that
 

2485
00:48:21,119 --> 00:48:22,390
you have to remember that
this the

2486
00:48:22,390 --> 00:48:22,400
this the
 

2487
00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:25,430
this the
work by asphalt and benz does not say

2488
00:48:25,430 --> 00:48:25,440
work by asphalt and benz does not say
 

2489
00:48:25,440 --> 00:48:26,870
work by asphalt and benz does not say
whether

2490
00:48:26,870 --> 00:48:26,880
whether
 

2491
00:48:26,880 --> 00:48:29,430
whether
the p the small pieces are successfully

2492
00:48:29,430 --> 00:48:29,440
the p the small pieces are successfully
 

2493
00:48:29,440 --> 00:48:31,109
the p the small pieces are successfully
all re-aggregated into sort of

2494
00:48:31,109 --> 00:48:31,119
all re-aggregated into sort of
 

2495
00:48:31,119 --> 00:48:33,589
all re-aggregated into sort of
essentially one clump for each nucleus

2496
00:48:33,589 --> 00:48:33,599
essentially one clump for each nucleus
 

2497
00:48:33,599 --> 00:48:36,309
essentially one clump for each nucleus
or whether they're spread out

2498
00:48:36,309 --> 00:48:36,319
or whether they're spread out
 

2499
00:48:36,319 --> 00:48:38,950
or whether they're spread out
but i would i think that

2500
00:48:38,950 --> 00:48:38,960
but i would i think that
 

2501
00:48:38,960 --> 00:48:40,630
but i would i think that
the plume is reported as certainly

2502
00:48:40,630 --> 00:48:40,640
the plume is reported as certainly
 

2503
00:48:40,640 --> 00:48:42,870
the plume is reported as certainly
consistent with these smaller pieces

2504
00:48:42,870 --> 00:48:42,880
consistent with these smaller pieces
 

2505
00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:45,270
consistent with these smaller pieces
re-aggregating in into one clump that's

2506
00:48:45,270 --> 00:48:45,280
re-aggregating in into one clump that's
 

2507
00:48:45,280 --> 00:48:47,430
re-aggregating in into one clump that's
what effectively hits the top of the

2508
00:48:47,430 --> 00:48:47,440
what effectively hits the top of the
 

2509
00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:48,390
what effectively hits the top of the
atmosphere

2510
00:48:48,390 --> 00:48:48,400
atmosphere
 

2511
00:48:48,400 --> 00:48:49,990
atmosphere
one thing i would say is that

2512
00:48:49,990 --> 00:48:50,000
one thing i would say is that
 

2513
00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:53,030
one thing i would say is that
we if we should see these things at all

2514
00:48:53,030 --> 00:48:53,040
we if we should see these things at all
 

2515
00:48:53,040 --> 00:48:54,950
we if we should see these things at all
that it probably indicates we're dealing

2516
00:48:54,950 --> 00:48:54,960
that it probably indicates we're dealing
 

2517
00:48:54,960 --> 00:48:57,589
that it probably indicates we're dealing
with larger objects than was re then was

2518
00:48:57,589 --> 00:48:57,599
with larger objects than was re then was
 

2519
00:48:57,599 --> 00:49:00,470
with larger objects than was re then was
concluded by us fog and benz and i think

2520
00:49:00,470 --> 00:49:00,480
concluded by us fog and benz and i think
 

2521
00:49:00,480 --> 00:49:11,030
concluded by us fog and benz and i think
we may have some up-to-date information

2522
00:49:11,030 --> 00:49:11,040

 

2523
00:49:11,040 --> 00:49:14,230

i'd like to introduce dr heidi hamill

2524
00:49:14,230 --> 00:49:14,240
i'd like to introduce dr heidi hamill
 

2525
00:49:14,240 --> 00:49:15,829
i'd like to introduce dr heidi hamill
eugene schumacher said he would be

2526
00:49:15,829 --> 00:49:15,839
eugene schumacher said he would be
 

2527
00:49:15,839 --> 00:49:19,589
eugene schumacher said he would be
personally astonished if we saw nothing

2528
00:49:19,589 --> 00:49:19,599
personally astonished if we saw nothing
 

2529
00:49:19,599 --> 00:49:20,390
personally astonished if we saw nothing
well

2530
00:49:20,390 --> 00:49:20,400
well
 

2531
00:49:20,400 --> 00:49:22,470
well
or if we didn't see something

2532
00:49:22,470 --> 00:49:22,480
or if we didn't see something
 

2533
00:49:22,480 --> 00:49:25,030
or if we didn't see something
well he's not going to be astonished

2534
00:49:25,030 --> 00:49:25,040
well he's not going to be astonished
 

2535
00:49:25,040 --> 00:49:28,630
well he's not going to be astonished
we actually saw some amazing things

2536
00:49:28,630 --> 00:49:28,640
we actually saw some amazing things
 

2537
00:49:28,640 --> 00:49:29,430
we actually saw some amazing things
we

2538
00:49:29,430 --> 00:49:29,440
we
 

2539
00:49:29,440 --> 00:49:31,990
we
we just downloaded the first two orbits

2540
00:49:31,990 --> 00:49:32,000
we just downloaded the first two orbits
 

2541
00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:33,829
we just downloaded the first two orbits
in the first orbit

2542
00:49:33,829 --> 00:49:33,839
in the first orbit
 

2543
00:49:33,839 --> 00:49:36,309
in the first orbit
we were able to see a plume on the edge

2544
00:49:36,309 --> 00:49:36,319
we were able to see a plume on the edge
 

2545
00:49:36,319 --> 00:49:37,829
we were able to see a plume on the edge
of the planet

2546
00:49:37,829 --> 00:49:37,839
of the planet
 

2547
00:49:37,839 --> 00:49:40,790
of the planet
in the second orbit which i have a raw

2548
00:49:40,790 --> 00:49:40,800
in the second orbit which i have a raw
 

2549
00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:42,870
in the second orbit which i have a raw
laser printer output this is as raw as

2550
00:49:42,870 --> 00:49:42,880
laser printer output this is as raw as
 

2551
00:49:42,880 --> 00:49:44,470
laser printer output this is as raw as
it gets

2552
00:49:44,470 --> 00:49:44,480
it gets
 

2553
00:49:44,480 --> 00:49:46,390
it gets
we can actually see the impact site

2554
00:49:46,390 --> 00:49:46,400
we can actually see the impact site
 

2555
00:49:46,400 --> 00:49:49,589
we can actually see the impact site
itself and i'll remind you this is for a

2556
00:49:49,589 --> 00:49:49,599
itself and i'll remind you this is for a
 

2557
00:49:49,599 --> 00:49:52,790
itself and i'll remind you this is for a
the first one not the brightest one

2558
00:49:52,790 --> 00:49:52,800
the first one not the brightest one
 

2559
00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:54,230
the first one not the brightest one
so we're going to have a really exciting

2560
00:49:54,230 --> 00:49:54,240
so we're going to have a really exciting
 

2561
00:49:54,240 --> 00:49:55,829
so we're going to have a really exciting
week

2562
00:49:55,829 --> 00:49:55,839
week
 

2563
00:49:55,839 --> 00:49:57,990
week
so more details to come we just got this

2564
00:49:57,990 --> 00:49:58,000
so more details to come we just got this
 

2565
00:49:58,000 --> 00:49:59,990
so more details to come we just got this
data down we haven't had a chance to do

2566
00:49:59,990 --> 00:50:00,000
data down we haven't had a chance to do
 

2567
00:50:00,000 --> 00:50:01,589
data down we haven't had a chance to do
anything with it and i'll be talking

2568
00:50:01,589 --> 00:50:01,599
anything with it and i'll be talking
 

2569
00:50:01,599 --> 00:50:03,670
anything with it and i'll be talking
with you at 10 o'clock about what we

2570
00:50:03,670 --> 00:50:03,680
with you at 10 o'clock about what we
 

2571
00:50:03,680 --> 00:50:05,430
with you at 10 o'clock about what we
have actually seen in the larger data

2572
00:50:05,430 --> 00:50:05,440
have actually seen in the larger data
 

2573
00:50:05,440 --> 00:50:24,630
have actually seen in the larger data
set

2574
00:50:24,630 --> 00:50:24,640

 

2575
00:50:24,640 --> 00:50:26,470

what's the wavelength heidi this is a

2576
00:50:26,470 --> 00:50:26,480
what's the wavelength heidi this is a
 

2577
00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:29,589
what's the wavelength heidi this is a
methane filter at 8.89 do you want a

2578
00:50:29,589 --> 00:50:29,599
methane filter at 8.89 do you want a
 

2579
00:50:29,599 --> 00:50:33,990
methane filter at 8.89 do you want a
pencil or pen or something yes

2580
00:50:33,990 --> 00:50:34,000

 

2581
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:35,510

i don't even have a piece of cardboard

2582
00:50:35,510 --> 00:50:35,520
i don't even have a piece of cardboard
 

2583
00:50:35,520 --> 00:50:37,109
i don't even have a piece of cardboard
to have this mounted on

2584
00:50:37,109 --> 00:50:37,119
to have this mounted on
 

2585
00:50:37,119 --> 00:50:38,870
to have this mounted on
okay we just blew up a section of the

2586
00:50:38,870 --> 00:50:38,880
okay we just blew up a section of the
 

2587
00:50:38,880 --> 00:50:41,109
okay we just blew up a section of the
planet this is the southern pole here

2588
00:50:41,109 --> 00:50:41,119
planet this is the southern pole here
 

2589
00:50:41,119 --> 00:50:42,790
planet this is the southern pole here
you see there's a little there's a

2590
00:50:42,790 --> 00:50:42,800
you see there's a little there's a
 

2591
00:50:42,800 --> 00:50:44,309
you see there's a little there's a
bright streak

2592
00:50:44,309 --> 00:50:44,319
bright streak
 

2593
00:50:44,319 --> 00:50:46,470
bright streak
see that bright streak and around the

2594
00:50:46,470 --> 00:50:46,480
see that bright streak and around the
 

2595
00:50:46,480 --> 00:50:48,069
see that bright streak and around the
edge of the street there's some other

2596
00:50:48,069 --> 00:50:48,079
edge of the street there's some other
 

2597
00:50:48,079 --> 00:50:52,069
edge of the street there's some other
stuff

2598
00:50:52,069 --> 00:50:52,079

 

2599
00:50:52,079 --> 00:51:20,549

tell you more about the stuff tonight

2600
00:51:20,549 --> 00:51:20,559

 

2601
00:51:20,559 --> 00:51:22,309

i think we may have some more questions

2602
00:51:22,309 --> 00:51:22,319
i think we may have some more questions
 

2603
00:51:22,319 --> 00:51:27,270
i think we may have some more questions
here

2604
00:51:27,270 --> 00:51:27,280

 

2605
00:51:27,280 --> 00:51:28,309

wow

2606
00:51:28,309 --> 00:51:28,319
wow
 

2607
00:51:28,319 --> 00:51:31,109
wow
like a comment

2608
00:51:31,109 --> 00:51:31,119

 

2609
00:51:31,119 --> 00:51:33,109

well i think you can all lay your

2610
00:51:33,109 --> 00:51:33,119
well i think you can all lay your
 

2611
00:51:33,119 --> 00:51:35,910
well i think you can all lay your
worries to rest those reports from spain

2612
00:51:35,910 --> 00:51:35,920
worries to rest those reports from spain
 

2613
00:51:35,920 --> 00:51:39,670
worries to rest those reports from spain
and chile are right

2614
00:51:39,670 --> 00:51:39,680

 

2615
00:51:39,680 --> 00:51:41,910

and i think i think that we

2616
00:51:41,910 --> 00:51:41,920
and i think i think that we
 

2617
00:51:41,920 --> 00:51:43,990
and i think i think that we
i'll personally bet another case of

2618
00:51:43,990 --> 00:51:44,000
i'll personally bet another case of
 

2619
00:51:44,000 --> 00:51:45,750
i'll personally bet another case of
champagne with brian marsden that we've

2620
00:51:45,750 --> 00:51:45,760
champagne with brian marsden that we've
 

2621
00:51:45,760 --> 00:51:49,030
champagne with brian marsden that we've
got big objects those are not puny not

2622
00:51:49,030 --> 00:51:49,040
got big objects those are not puny not
 

2623
00:51:49,040 --> 00:51:50,390
got big objects those are not puny not
not to show that

2624
00:51:50,390 --> 00:51:50,400
not to show that
 

2625
00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:51,910
not to show that
to see the effects that we're seeing you

2626
00:51:51,910 --> 00:51:51,920
to see the effects that we're seeing you
 

2627
00:51:51,920 --> 00:51:53,109
to see the effects that we're seeing you
have to put a lot of energy into the

2628
00:51:53,109 --> 00:51:53,119
have to put a lot of energy into the
 

2629
00:51:53,119 --> 00:51:56,549
have to put a lot of energy into the
atmosphere so i i think we're very very

2630
00:51:56,549 --> 00:51:56,559
atmosphere so i i think we're very very
 

2631
00:51:56,559 --> 00:51:58,470
atmosphere so i i think we're very very
privileged tonight

2632
00:51:58,470 --> 00:51:58,480
privileged tonight
 

2633
00:51:58,480 --> 00:52:00,549
privileged tonight
to see an event that's that's not once

2634
00:52:00,549 --> 00:52:00,559
to see an event that's that's not once
 

2635
00:52:00,559 --> 00:52:01,910
to see an event that's that's not once
in a lifetime

2636
00:52:01,910 --> 00:52:01,920
in a lifetime
 

2637
00:52:01,920 --> 00:52:04,549
in a lifetime
it's it's once in a millennium i think

2638
00:52:04,549 --> 00:52:04,559
it's it's once in a millennium i think
 

2639
00:52:04,559 --> 00:52:06,470
it's it's once in a millennium i think
though that brian's

2640
00:52:06,470 --> 00:52:06,480
though that brian's
 

2641
00:52:06,480 --> 00:52:09,270
though that brian's
de bruyne marsden's efforts to

2642
00:52:09,270 --> 00:52:09,280
de bruyne marsden's efforts to
 

2643
00:52:09,280 --> 00:52:11,910
de bruyne marsden's efforts to
to come out on the smaller size

2644
00:52:11,910 --> 00:52:11,920
to come out on the smaller size
 

2645
00:52:11,920 --> 00:52:13,910
to come out on the smaller size
were great because we have had

2646
00:52:13,910 --> 00:52:13,920
were great because we have had
 

2647
00:52:13,920 --> 00:52:15,750
were great because we have had
experiences where there's been a lot of

2648
00:52:15,750 --> 00:52:15,760
experiences where there's been a lot of
 

2649
00:52:15,760 --> 00:52:17,910
experiences where there's been a lot of
hype for something and then it turns out

2650
00:52:17,910 --> 00:52:17,920
hype for something and then it turns out
 

2651
00:52:17,920 --> 00:52:20,390
hype for something and then it turns out
to be not what we're expecting

2652
00:52:20,390 --> 00:52:20,400
to be not what we're expecting
 

2653
00:52:20,400 --> 00:52:22,230
to be not what we're expecting
we've never seen this before this is

2654
00:52:22,230 --> 00:52:22,240
we've never seen this before this is
 

2655
00:52:22,240 --> 00:52:24,470
we've never seen this before this is
totally new ground this is a totally new

2656
00:52:24,470 --> 00:52:24,480
totally new ground this is a totally new
 

2657
00:52:24,480 --> 00:52:25,910
totally new ground this is a totally new
kind of thing in science that we're

2658
00:52:25,910 --> 00:52:25,920
kind of thing in science that we're
 

2659
00:52:25,920 --> 00:52:27,750
kind of thing in science that we're
witnessing tonight

2660
00:52:27,750 --> 00:52:27,760
witnessing tonight
 

2661
00:52:27,760 --> 00:52:28,790
witnessing tonight
and

2662
00:52:28,790 --> 00:52:28,800
and
 

2663
00:52:28,800 --> 00:52:29,990
and
brian

2664
00:52:29,990 --> 00:52:30,000
brian
 

2665
00:52:30,000 --> 00:52:32,309
brian
brian's argument made a lot of sense it

2666
00:52:32,309 --> 00:52:32,319
brian's argument made a lot of sense it
 

2667
00:52:32,319 --> 00:52:34,069
brian's argument made a lot of sense it
certainly made a lot of sense to me we

2668
00:52:34,069 --> 00:52:34,079
certainly made a lot of sense to me we
 

2669
00:52:34,079 --> 00:52:36,470
certainly made a lot of sense to me we
didn't buy it but it it made a lot of

2670
00:52:36,470 --> 00:52:36,480
didn't buy it but it it made a lot of
 

2671
00:52:36,480 --> 00:52:37,430
didn't buy it but it it made a lot of
sense

2672
00:52:37,430 --> 00:52:37,440
sense
 

2673
00:52:37,440 --> 00:52:38,950
sense
and um

2674
00:52:38,950 --> 00:52:38,960
and um
 

2675
00:52:38,960 --> 00:52:40,870
and um
i would imagine right now that brian's

2676
00:52:40,870 --> 00:52:40,880
i would imagine right now that brian's
 

2677
00:52:40,880 --> 00:52:42,950
i would imagine right now that brian's
as excited as the rest of us

2678
00:52:42,950 --> 00:52:42,960
as excited as the rest of us
 

2679
00:52:42,960 --> 00:52:44,470
as excited as the rest of us
at what is happening

2680
00:52:44,470 --> 00:52:44,480
at what is happening
 

2681
00:52:44,480 --> 00:52:46,549
at what is happening
this is this is a wonderful time for

2682
00:52:46,549 --> 00:52:46,559
this is this is a wonderful time for
 

2683
00:52:46,559 --> 00:52:48,950
this is this is a wonderful time for
everybody i think i i'd like to second

2684
00:52:48,950 --> 00:52:48,960
everybody i think i i'd like to second
 

2685
00:52:48,960 --> 00:52:51,349
everybody i think i i'd like to second
that david i think brian wanted to be on

2686
00:52:51,349 --> 00:52:51,359
that david i think brian wanted to be on
 

2687
00:52:51,359 --> 00:52:53,349
that david i think brian wanted to be on
the air on the cautious side

2688
00:52:53,349 --> 00:52:53,359
the air on the cautious side
 

2689
00:52:53,359 --> 00:52:56,870
the air on the cautious side
not to build up expectations too high

2690
00:52:56,870 --> 00:52:56,880
not to build up expectations too high
 

2691
00:52:56,880 --> 00:52:59,030
not to build up expectations too high
uh and i think that that was a wise

2692
00:52:59,030 --> 00:52:59,040
uh and i think that that was a wise
 

2693
00:52:59,040 --> 00:53:01,510
uh and i think that that was a wise
course of action on his part in his role

2694
00:53:01,510 --> 00:53:01,520
course of action on his part in his role
 

2695
00:53:01,520 --> 00:53:03,270
course of action on his part in his role
as the director of the cbat the central

2696
00:53:03,270 --> 00:53:03,280
as the director of the cbat the central
 

2697
00:53:03,280 --> 00:53:05,270
as the director of the cbat the central
bureau for astronomical telegrams that

2698
00:53:05,270 --> 00:53:05,280
bureau for astronomical telegrams that
 

2699
00:53:05,280 --> 00:53:07,349
bureau for astronomical telegrams that
was the right course of action for him

2700
00:53:07,349 --> 00:53:07,359
was the right course of action for him
 

2701
00:53:07,359 --> 00:53:08,790
was the right course of action for him
uh and of course he was betting on

2702
00:53:08,790 --> 00:53:08,800
uh and of course he was betting on
 

2703
00:53:08,800 --> 00:53:10,630
uh and of course he was betting on
statistics and we beat the statistics

2704
00:53:10,630 --> 00:53:10,640
statistics and we beat the statistics
 

2705
00:53:10,640 --> 00:53:13,430
statistics and we beat the statistics
yeah we beat the odds

2706
00:53:13,430 --> 00:53:13,440
yeah we beat the odds
 

2707
00:53:13,440 --> 00:53:15,190
yeah we beat the odds
estimate of the minimum diameter

2708
00:53:15,190 --> 00:53:15,200
estimate of the minimum diameter
 

2709
00:53:15,200 --> 00:53:16,630
estimate of the minimum diameter
guesstimate of the minimum diameter of

2710
00:53:16,630 --> 00:53:16,640
guesstimate of the minimum diameter of
 

2711
00:53:16,640 --> 00:53:18,549
guesstimate of the minimum diameter of
fragment a yet

2712
00:53:18,549 --> 00:53:18,559
fragment a yet
 

2713
00:53:18,559 --> 00:53:19,750
fragment a yet
could you

2714
00:53:19,750 --> 00:53:19,760
could you
 

2715
00:53:19,760 --> 00:53:22,790
could you
of the single object or of the whole

2716
00:53:22,790 --> 00:53:22,800
of the single object or of the whole
 

2717
00:53:22,800 --> 00:53:25,109
of the single object or of the whole
original object fragment a the one that

2718
00:53:25,109 --> 00:53:25,119
original object fragment a the one that
 

2719
00:53:25,119 --> 00:53:26,390
original object fragment a the one that
that uh

2720
00:53:26,390 --> 00:53:26,400
that uh
 

2721
00:53:26,400 --> 00:53:29,589
that uh
hubble just took that uh impact image i

2722
00:53:29,589 --> 00:53:29,599
hubble just took that uh impact image i
 

2723
00:53:29,599 --> 00:53:31,190
hubble just took that uh impact image i
would guess just from the relative

2724
00:53:31,190 --> 00:53:31,200
would guess just from the relative
 

2725
00:53:31,200 --> 00:53:32,470
would guess just from the relative
brightness

2726
00:53:32,470 --> 00:53:32,480
brightness
 

2727
00:53:32,480 --> 00:53:34,790
brightness
and the limits that were placed earlier

2728
00:53:34,790 --> 00:53:34,800
and the limits that were placed earlier
 

2729
00:53:34,800 --> 00:53:37,430
and the limits that were placed earlier
by the very careful work of hal weaver

2730
00:53:37,430 --> 00:53:37,440
by the very careful work of hal weaver
 

2731
00:53:37,440 --> 00:53:39,589
by the very careful work of hal weaver
uh that we're looking at an object that

2732
00:53:39,589 --> 00:53:39,599
uh that we're looking at an object that
 

2733
00:53:39,599 --> 00:53:41,190
uh that we're looking at an object that
is of the order of a kilometer in

2734
00:53:41,190 --> 00:53:41,200
is of the order of a kilometer in
 

2735
00:53:41,200 --> 00:53:44,069
is of the order of a kilometer in
diameter that's its real diameter

2736
00:53:44,069 --> 00:53:44,079
diameter that's its real diameter
 

2737
00:53:44,079 --> 00:53:47,030
diameter that's its real diameter
and the bigger objects are really bigger

2738
00:53:47,030 --> 00:53:47,040
and the bigger objects are really bigger
 

2739
00:53:47,040 --> 00:53:48,950
and the bigger objects are really bigger
and the original object was really about

2740
00:53:48,950 --> 00:53:48,960
and the original object was really about
 

2741
00:53:48,960 --> 00:53:52,870
and the original object was really about
10 kilometers

2742
00:53:52,870 --> 00:53:52,880

 

2743
00:53:52,880 --> 00:53:56,150

by the way 10 kilometer object is um not

2744
00:53:56,150 --> 00:53:56,160
by the way 10 kilometer object is um not
 

2745
00:53:56,160 --> 00:53:58,549
by the way 10 kilometer object is um not
quite as large as about maybe what about

2746
00:53:58,549 --> 00:53:58,559
quite as large as about maybe what about
 

2747
00:53:58,559 --> 00:54:00,790
quite as large as about maybe what about
two-thirds the size of halvey's comet so

2748
00:54:00,790 --> 00:54:00,800
two-thirds the size of halvey's comet so
 

2749
00:54:00,800 --> 00:54:02,470
two-thirds the size of halvey's comet so
no that is the size of halley's the mean

2750
00:54:02,470 --> 00:54:02,480
no that is the size of halley's the mean
 

2751
00:54:02,480 --> 00:54:04,150
no that is the size of halley's the mean
diameter halley's comet is ten

2752
00:54:04,150 --> 00:54:04,160
diameter halley's comet is ten
 

2753
00:54:04,160 --> 00:54:06,069
diameter halley's comet is ten
kilometers all right so we're talking

2754
00:54:06,069 --> 00:54:06,079
kilometers all right so we're talking
 

2755
00:54:06,079 --> 00:54:07,670
kilometers all right so we're talking
about an object about the size of

2756
00:54:07,670 --> 00:54:07,680
about an object about the size of
 

2757
00:54:07,680 --> 00:54:10,230
about an object about the size of
howie's comet if uh this object were

2758
00:54:10,230 --> 00:54:10,240
howie's comet if uh this object were
 

2759
00:54:10,240 --> 00:54:12,470
howie's comet if uh this object were
near the earth it would be big and not

2760
00:54:12,470 --> 00:54:12,480
near the earth it would be big and not
 

2761
00:54:12,480 --> 00:54:14,710
near the earth it would be big and not
anymore but it would be big and bright

2762
00:54:14,710 --> 00:54:14,720
anymore but it would be big and bright
 

2763
00:54:14,720 --> 00:54:17,670
anymore but it would be big and bright
with a with a tail and everything um

2764
00:54:17,670 --> 00:54:17,680
with a with a tail and everything um
 

2765
00:54:17,680 --> 00:54:18,710
with a with a tail and everything um
this is a

2766
00:54:18,710 --> 00:54:18,720
this is a
 

2767
00:54:18,720 --> 00:54:22,150
this is a
big looks like this is a big object

2768
00:54:22,150 --> 00:54:22,160
big looks like this is a big object
 

2769
00:54:22,160 --> 00:54:24,470
big looks like this is a big object
you just explain a bit why the uh why

2770
00:54:24,470 --> 00:54:24,480
you just explain a bit why the uh why
 

2771
00:54:24,480 --> 00:54:26,630
you just explain a bit why the uh why
the radio wave uh

2772
00:54:26,630 --> 00:54:26,640
the radio wave uh
 

2773
00:54:26,640 --> 00:54:28,630
the radio wave uh
would have increased as a report from

2774
00:54:28,630 --> 00:54:28,640
would have increased as a report from
 

2775
00:54:28,640 --> 00:54:30,710
would have increased as a report from
japan yesterday why why would that

2776
00:54:30,710 --> 00:54:30,720
japan yesterday why why would that
 

2777
00:54:30,720 --> 00:54:33,589
japan yesterday why why would that
happen with this

2778
00:54:33,589 --> 00:54:33,599

 

2779
00:54:33,599 --> 00:54:36,390

frankly i don't think anyone made that

2780
00:54:36,390 --> 00:54:36,400
frankly i don't think anyone made that
 

2781
00:54:36,400 --> 00:54:37,670
frankly i don't think anyone made that
prediction

2782
00:54:37,670 --> 00:54:37,680
prediction
 

2783
00:54:37,680 --> 00:54:40,309
prediction
we don't have a model

2784
00:54:40,309 --> 00:54:40,319
we don't have a model
 

2785
00:54:40,319 --> 00:54:42,470
we don't have a model
i i maybe some people are inventing them

2786
00:54:42,470 --> 00:54:42,480
i i maybe some people are inventing them
 

2787
00:54:42,480 --> 00:54:44,790
i i maybe some people are inventing them
right now i'll bet alex destler is

2788
00:54:44,790 --> 00:54:44,800
right now i'll bet alex destler is
 

2789
00:54:44,800 --> 00:54:46,790
right now i'll bet alex destler is
working on three or four models

2790
00:54:46,790 --> 00:54:46,800
working on three or four models
 

2791
00:54:46,800 --> 00:54:47,990
working on three or four models
but

2792
00:54:47,990 --> 00:54:48,000
but
 

2793
00:54:48,000 --> 00:54:48,950
but
you know

2794
00:54:48,950 --> 00:54:48,960
you know
 

2795
00:54:48,960 --> 00:54:50,390
you know
what we were going to see in the radio

2796
00:54:50,390 --> 00:54:50,400
what we were going to see in the radio
 

2797
00:54:50,400 --> 00:54:52,870
what we were going to see in the radio
wave region was a grab bag people are

2798
00:54:52,870 --> 00:54:52,880
wave region was a grab bag people are
 

2799
00:54:52,880 --> 00:54:54,950
wave region was a grab bag people are
going to be looking but really not

2800
00:54:54,950 --> 00:54:54,960
going to be looking but really not
 

2801
00:54:54,960 --> 00:54:57,829
going to be looking but really not
knowing how to predict it theoretically

2802
00:54:57,829 --> 00:54:57,839
knowing how to predict it theoretically
 

2803
00:54:57,839 --> 00:55:00,309
knowing how to predict it theoretically
time for just one or two more questions

2804
00:55:00,309 --> 00:55:00,319
time for just one or two more questions
 

2805
00:55:00,319 --> 00:55:04,710
time for just one or two more questions
down here

2806
00:55:04,710 --> 00:55:04,720

 

2807
00:55:04,720 --> 00:55:06,309

glenda chu from the san jose mercury

2808
00:55:06,309 --> 00:55:06,319
glenda chu from the san jose mercury
 

2809
00:55:06,319 --> 00:55:07,990
glenda chu from the san jose mercury
news i wonder if the fact that these

2810
00:55:07,990 --> 00:55:08,000
news i wonder if the fact that these
 

2811
00:55:08,000 --> 00:55:10,710
news i wonder if the fact that these
impacts seem to be occurring maybe 13

2812
00:55:10,710 --> 00:55:10,720
impacts seem to be occurring maybe 13
 

2813
00:55:10,720 --> 00:55:13,030
impacts seem to be occurring maybe 13
minutes later than predicted is also

2814
00:55:13,030 --> 00:55:13,040
minutes later than predicted is also
 

2815
00:55:13,040 --> 00:55:14,870
minutes later than predicted is also
good news in the sense that they they

2816
00:55:14,870 --> 00:55:14,880
good news in the sense that they they
 

2817
00:55:14,880 --> 00:55:16,470
good news in the sense that they they
must be occurring closer to where you

2818
00:55:16,470 --> 00:55:16,480
must be occurring closer to where you
 

2819
00:55:16,480 --> 00:55:17,829
must be occurring closer to where you
all can see them

2820
00:55:17,829 --> 00:55:17,839
all can see them
 

2821
00:55:17,839 --> 00:55:20,950
all can see them
and uh did you know how if they are 13

2822
00:55:20,950 --> 00:55:20,960
and uh did you know how if they are 13
 

2823
00:55:20,960 --> 00:55:22,150
and uh did you know how if they are 13
minutes

2824
00:55:22,150 --> 00:55:22,160
minutes
 

2825
00:55:22,160 --> 00:55:26,150
minutes
um later than than thought how far away

2826
00:55:26,150 --> 00:55:26,160
um later than than thought how far away
 

2827
00:55:26,160 --> 00:55:27,270
um later than than thought how far away
from

2828
00:55:27,270 --> 00:55:27,280
from
 

2829
00:55:27,280 --> 00:55:29,430
from
rotating into our view are they then it

2830
00:55:29,430 --> 00:55:29,440
rotating into our view are they then it
 

2831
00:55:29,440 --> 00:55:32,870
rotating into our view are they then it
doesn't change the actual impact point

2832
00:55:32,870 --> 00:55:32,880
doesn't change the actual impact point
 

2833
00:55:32,880 --> 00:55:35,510
doesn't change the actual impact point
relative to our line of sight by very

2834
00:55:35,510 --> 00:55:35,520
relative to our line of sight by very
 

2835
00:55:35,520 --> 00:55:36,549
relative to our line of sight by very
much

2836
00:55:36,549 --> 00:55:36,559
much
 

2837
00:55:36,559 --> 00:55:38,390
much
uh it just it just means the comet's

2838
00:55:38,390 --> 00:55:38,400
uh it just it just means the comet's
 

2839
00:55:38,400 --> 00:55:39,670
uh it just it just means the comet's
coming a little bit later on its

2840
00:55:39,670 --> 00:55:39,680
coming a little bit later on its
 

2841
00:55:39,680 --> 00:55:41,510
coming a little bit later on its
trajectory but it won't shift it by very

2842
00:55:41,510 --> 00:55:41,520
trajectory but it won't shift it by very
 

2843
00:55:41,520 --> 00:55:42,630
trajectory but it won't shift it by very
much

2844
00:55:42,630 --> 00:55:42,640
much
 

2845
00:55:42,640 --> 00:55:44,870
much
yeah another thing about the sizes if

2846
00:55:44,870 --> 00:55:44,880
yeah another thing about the sizes if
 

2847
00:55:44,880 --> 00:55:48,069
yeah another thing about the sizes if
this um if it turns out that we're that

2848
00:55:48,069 --> 00:55:48,079
this um if it turns out that we're that
 

2849
00:55:48,079 --> 00:55:49,750
this um if it turns out that we're that
everyone's right and that this is close

2850
00:55:49,750 --> 00:55:49,760
everyone's right and that this is close
 

2851
00:55:49,760 --> 00:55:52,390
everyone's right and that this is close
to a 10 kilometer object i really want

2852
00:55:52,390 --> 00:55:52,400
to a 10 kilometer object i really want
 

2853
00:55:52,400 --> 00:55:55,030
to a 10 kilometer object i really want
to mention dennick sekinina paul chodas

2854
00:55:55,030 --> 00:55:55,040
to mention dennick sekinina paul chodas
 

2855
00:55:55,040 --> 00:55:57,270
to mention dennick sekinina paul chodas
and don yeomans at jpl

2856
00:55:57,270 --> 00:55:57,280
and don yeomans at jpl
 

2857
00:55:57,280 --> 00:55:59,190
and don yeomans at jpl
that have been saying all along that

2858
00:55:59,190 --> 00:55:59,200
that have been saying all along that
 

2859
00:55:59,200 --> 00:55:59,990
that have been saying all along that
their

2860
00:55:59,990 --> 00:56:00,000
their
 

2861
00:56:00,000 --> 00:56:02,390
their
models show a large a large

2862
00:56:02,390 --> 00:56:02,400
models show a large a large
 

2863
00:56:02,400 --> 00:56:05,670
models show a large a large
um a large comet before breakup not two

2864
00:56:05,670 --> 00:56:05,680
um a large comet before breakup not two
 

2865
00:56:05,680 --> 00:56:07,510
um a large comet before breakup not two
years ago so if this turns out to be

2866
00:56:07,510 --> 00:56:07,520
years ago so if this turns out to be
 

2867
00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:10,309
years ago so if this turns out to be
true this is a real mathematical victory

2868
00:56:10,309 --> 00:56:10,319
true this is a real mathematical victory
 

2869
00:56:10,319 --> 00:56:12,069
true this is a real mathematical victory
for them

2870
00:56:12,069 --> 00:56:12,079
for them
 

2871
00:56:12,079 --> 00:56:13,589
for them
question on the back miles o'brien with

2872
00:56:13,589 --> 00:56:13,599
question on the back miles o'brien with
 

2873
00:56:13,599 --> 00:56:16,789
question on the back miles o'brien with
cnn i know from over here i know from

2874
00:56:16,789 --> 00:56:16,799
cnn i know from over here i know from
 

2875
00:56:16,799 --> 00:56:18,710
cnn i know from over here i know from
speaking to you all this past week uh

2876
00:56:18,710 --> 00:56:18,720
speaking to you all this past week uh
 

2877
00:56:18,720 --> 00:56:21,190
speaking to you all this past week uh
that you had uh a fair amount of anxiety

2878
00:56:21,190 --> 00:56:21,200
that you had uh a fair amount of anxiety
 

2879
00:56:21,200 --> 00:56:23,589
that you had uh a fair amount of anxiety
about what might happen tonight give us

2880
00:56:23,589 --> 00:56:23,599
about what might happen tonight give us
 

2881
00:56:23,599 --> 00:56:25,670
about what might happen tonight give us
a sense of how much relief

2882
00:56:25,670 --> 00:56:25,680
a sense of how much relief
 

2883
00:56:25,680 --> 00:56:27,750
a sense of how much relief
uh this just recent announcement gives

2884
00:56:27,750 --> 00:56:27,760
uh this just recent announcement gives
 

2885
00:56:27,760 --> 00:56:29,510
uh this just recent announcement gives
you miles would you like to have some

2886
00:56:29,510 --> 00:56:29,520
you miles would you like to have some
 

2887
00:56:29,520 --> 00:56:31,829
you miles would you like to have some
fun campaign here with us

2888
00:56:31,829 --> 00:56:31,839
fun campaign here with us
 

2889
00:56:31,839 --> 00:56:33,910
fun campaign here with us
you probably can't tell that we're very

2890
00:56:33,910 --> 00:56:33,920
you probably can't tell that we're very
 

2891
00:56:33,920 --> 00:56:35,829
you probably can't tell that we're very
happy

2892
00:56:35,829 --> 00:56:35,839
happy
 

2893
00:56:35,839 --> 00:56:37,670
happy
it's a champagne

2894
00:56:37,670 --> 00:56:37,680
it's a champagne
 

2895
00:56:37,680 --> 00:56:38,870
it's a champagne
experience

2896
00:56:38,870 --> 00:56:38,880
experience
 

2897
00:56:38,880 --> 00:56:41,510
experience
we uh i i'm absolutely thrilled to

2898
00:56:41,510 --> 00:56:41,520
we uh i i'm absolutely thrilled to
 

2899
00:56:41,520 --> 00:56:43,109
we uh i i'm absolutely thrilled to
pieces

2900
00:56:43,109 --> 00:56:43,119
pieces
 

2901
00:56:43,119 --> 00:56:46,789
pieces
it's a it's it's it's such a rare night

2902
00:56:46,789 --> 00:56:46,799
it's a it's it's it's such a rare night
 

2903
00:56:46,799 --> 00:56:48,069
it's a it's it's it's such a rare night
when

2904
00:56:48,069 --> 00:56:48,079
when
 

2905
00:56:48,079 --> 00:56:50,630
when
nature calls you on the phone and says

2906
00:56:50,630 --> 00:56:50,640
nature calls you on the phone and says
 

2907
00:56:50,640 --> 00:56:53,030
nature calls you on the phone and says
i'm going to drop 20 comets into jupiter

2908
00:56:53,030 --> 00:56:53,040
i'm going to drop 20 comets into jupiter
 

2909
00:56:53,040 --> 00:56:55,910
i'm going to drop 20 comets into jupiter
at 138 miles an hour all i want you to

2910
00:56:55,910 --> 00:56:55,920
at 138 miles an hour all i want you to
 

2911
00:56:55,920 --> 00:56:57,589
at 138 miles an hour all i want you to
do is watch and i'm not going to tell

2912
00:56:57,589 --> 00:56:57,599
do is watch and i'm not going to tell
 

2913
00:56:57,599 --> 00:56:59,030
do is watch and i'm not going to tell
you what's going to happen in advance

2914
00:56:59,030 --> 00:56:59,040
you what's going to happen in advance
 

2915
00:56:59,040 --> 00:57:01,270
you what's going to happen in advance
just watch we are watching with

2916
00:57:01,270 --> 00:57:01,280
just watch we are watching with
 

2917
00:57:01,280 --> 00:57:03,589
just watch we are watching with
everything we've got tonight and nature

2918
00:57:03,589 --> 00:57:03,599
everything we've got tonight and nature
 

2919
00:57:03,599 --> 00:57:06,630
everything we've got tonight and nature
winked at us it's exciting

2920
00:57:06,630 --> 00:57:06,640
winked at us it's exciting
 

2921
00:57:06,640 --> 00:57:08,309
winked at us it's exciting
you can imagine that we've all worried

2922
00:57:08,309 --> 00:57:08,319
you can imagine that we've all worried
 

2923
00:57:08,319 --> 00:57:10,470
you can imagine that we've all worried
about the kahutek effect

2924
00:57:10,470 --> 00:57:10,480
about the kahutek effect
 

2925
00:57:10,480 --> 00:57:11,829
about the kahutek effect
and wondering whether we would all

2926
00:57:11,829 --> 00:57:11,839
and wondering whether we would all
 

2927
00:57:11,839 --> 00:57:13,910
and wondering whether we would all
whether we'd have to slink off and hide

2928
00:57:13,910 --> 00:57:13,920
whether we'd have to slink off and hide
 

2929
00:57:13,920 --> 00:57:16,630
whether we'd have to slink off and hide
under a flat rock somewhere

2930
00:57:16,630 --> 00:57:16,640
under a flat rock somewhere
 

2931
00:57:16,640 --> 00:57:18,390
under a flat rock somewhere
i think the answer is we're not going to

2932
00:57:18,390 --> 00:57:18,400
i think the answer is we're not going to
 

2933
00:57:18,400 --> 00:57:22,230
i think the answer is we're not going to
have to hide under a flat rock

2934
00:57:22,230 --> 00:57:22,240
have to hide under a flat rock
 

2935
00:57:22,240 --> 00:57:25,349
have to hide under a flat rock
see your your wildest expectations

2936
00:57:25,349 --> 00:57:25,359
see your your wildest expectations
 

2937
00:57:25,359 --> 00:57:30,630
see your your wildest expectations
yes but not our wildest hopes

2938
00:57:30,630 --> 00:57:30,640

 

2939
00:57:30,640 --> 00:57:31,829

we have uh

2940
00:57:31,829 --> 00:57:31,839
we have uh
 

2941
00:57:31,839 --> 00:57:33,190
we have uh
two more minutes to go we take a

2942
00:57:33,190 --> 00:57:33,200
two more minutes to go we take a
 

2943
00:57:33,200 --> 00:57:35,109
two more minutes to go we take a
question up here in front uh here we go

2944
00:57:35,109 --> 00:57:35,119
question up here in front uh here we go
 

2945
00:57:35,119 --> 00:57:36,470
question up here in front uh here we go
right

2946
00:57:36,470 --> 00:57:36,480
right
 

2947
00:57:36,480 --> 00:57:38,390
right
name affiliation please yeah paul reese

2948
00:57:38,390 --> 00:57:38,400
name affiliation please yeah paul reese
 

2949
00:57:38,400 --> 00:57:40,309
name affiliation please yeah paul reese
with ap uh if this is one of the

2950
00:57:40,309 --> 00:57:40,319
with ap uh if this is one of the
 

2951
00:57:40,319 --> 00:57:42,470
with ap uh if this is one of the
smallest what is the largest and when

2952
00:57:42,470 --> 00:57:42,480
smallest what is the largest and when
 

2953
00:57:42,480 --> 00:57:43,990
smallest what is the largest and when
you expect it to hit

2954
00:57:43,990 --> 00:57:44,000
you expect it to hit
 

2955
00:57:44,000 --> 00:57:45,750
you expect it to hit
good question

2956
00:57:45,750 --> 00:57:45,760
good question
 

2957
00:57:45,760 --> 00:57:48,150
good question
some of the largest fragments are g

2958
00:57:48,150 --> 00:57:48,160
some of the largest fragments are g
 

2959
00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:50,549
some of the largest fragments are g
h and k

2960
00:57:50,549 --> 00:57:50,559
h and k
 

2961
00:57:50,559 --> 00:57:52,230
h and k
and i think you have a press kit don

2962
00:57:52,230 --> 00:57:52,240
and i think you have a press kit don
 

2963
00:57:52,240 --> 00:57:54,789
and i think you have a press kit don
don't you that it has all of the times i

2964
00:57:54,789 --> 00:57:54,799
don't you that it has all of the times i
 

2965
00:57:54,799 --> 00:57:56,870
don't you that it has all of the times i
hate to give you i don't have a table in

2966
00:57:56,870 --> 00:57:56,880
hate to give you i don't have a table in
 

2967
00:57:56,880 --> 00:57:58,630
hate to give you i don't have a table in
front of me available they are available

2968
00:57:58,630 --> 00:57:58,640
front of me available they are available
 

2969
00:57:58,640 --> 00:57:59,589
front of me available they are available
uh

2970
00:57:59,589 --> 00:57:59,599
uh
 

2971
00:57:59,599 --> 00:58:01,829
uh
in the press case and the g h will be

2972
00:58:01,829 --> 00:58:01,839
in the press case and the g h will be
 

2973
00:58:01,839 --> 00:58:04,710
in the press case and the g h will be
coming down a couple of days

2974
00:58:04,710 --> 00:58:04,720
coming down a couple of days
 

2975
00:58:04,720 --> 00:58:07,990
coming down a couple of days
and kay

2976
00:58:07,990 --> 00:58:08,000

 

2977
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:09,910

thank you thanks there's hal weaver the

2978
00:58:09,910 --> 00:58:09,920
thank you thanks there's hal weaver the
 

2979
00:58:09,920 --> 00:58:12,390
thank you thanks there's hal weaver the
one i'm personally excited about is q uh

2980
00:58:12,390 --> 00:58:12,400
one i'm personally excited about is q uh
 

2981
00:58:12,400 --> 00:58:14,710
one i'm personally excited about is q uh
that's the the uh president of the gang

2982
00:58:14,710 --> 00:58:14,720
that's the the uh president of the gang
 

2983
00:58:14,720 --> 00:58:16,630
that's the the uh president of the gang
of four the former gang of four one of

2984
00:58:16,630 --> 00:58:16,640
of four the former gang of four one of
 

2985
00:58:16,640 --> 00:58:18,390
of four the former gang of four one of
them kind of faded out

2986
00:58:18,390 --> 00:58:18,400
them kind of faded out
 

2987
00:58:18,400 --> 00:58:19,430
them kind of faded out
um

2988
00:58:19,430 --> 00:58:19,440
um
 

2989
00:58:19,440 --> 00:58:21,109
um
and another one split so we still have a

2990
00:58:21,109 --> 00:58:21,119
and another one split so we still have a
 

2991
00:58:21,119 --> 00:58:23,910
and another one split so we still have a
gang of four that happens on july 20th

2992
00:58:23,910 --> 00:58:23,920
gang of four that happens on july 20th
 

2993
00:58:23,920 --> 00:58:25,990
gang of four that happens on july 20th
which is the 25th anniversary of the

2994
00:58:25,990 --> 00:58:26,000
which is the 25th anniversary of the
 

2995
00:58:26,000 --> 00:58:28,950
which is the 25th anniversary of the
moon landing it's a very complex group

2996
00:58:28,950 --> 00:58:28,960
moon landing it's a very complex group
 

2997
00:58:28,960 --> 00:58:30,390
moon landing it's a very complex group
of fragments and they're all going to be

2998
00:58:30,390 --> 00:58:30,400
of fragments and they're all going to be
 

2999
00:58:30,400 --> 00:58:32,630
of fragments and they're all going to be
hitting within a very short time

3000
00:58:32,630 --> 00:58:32,640
hitting within a very short time
 

3001
00:58:32,640 --> 00:58:34,870
hitting within a very short time
i think we ought to recognize hal weaver

3002
00:58:34,870 --> 00:58:34,880
i think we ought to recognize hal weaver
 

3003
00:58:34,880 --> 00:58:36,870
i think we ought to recognize hal weaver
who's standing right back there and

3004
00:58:36,870 --> 00:58:36,880
who's standing right back there and
 

3005
00:58:36,880 --> 00:58:39,109
who's standing right back there and
spoke up hal is the one that made the

3006
00:58:39,109 --> 00:58:39,119
spoke up hal is the one that made the
 

3007
00:58:39,119 --> 00:58:40,230
spoke up hal is the one that made the
estimates

3008
00:58:40,230 --> 00:58:40,240
estimates
 

3009
00:58:40,240 --> 00:58:43,190
estimates
are from the hubble images a year ago in

3010
00:58:43,190 --> 00:58:43,200
are from the hubble images a year ago in
 

3011
00:58:43,200 --> 00:58:45,670
are from the hubble images a year ago in
july and came out with these estimates

3012
00:58:45,670 --> 00:58:45,680
july and came out with these estimates
 

3013
00:58:45,680 --> 00:58:48,230
july and came out with these estimates
of of the the largest nine being about

3014
00:58:48,230 --> 00:58:48,240
of of the the largest nine being about
 

3015
00:58:48,240 --> 00:58:50,069
of of the the largest nine being about
three kilometers maybe the very biggest

3016
00:58:50,069 --> 00:58:50,079
three kilometers maybe the very biggest
 

3017
00:58:50,079 --> 00:58:52,390
three kilometers maybe the very biggest
four and i think he ought to be feeling

3018
00:58:52,390 --> 00:58:52,400
four and i think he ought to be feeling
 

3019
00:58:52,400 --> 00:58:53,829
four and i think he ought to be feeling
pretty high tonight i hope he's got a

3020
00:58:53,829 --> 00:58:53,839
pretty high tonight i hope he's got a
 

3021
00:58:53,839 --> 00:58:57,750
pretty high tonight i hope he's got a
whole bottle of champagne with himself

3022
00:58:57,750 --> 00:58:57,760
whole bottle of champagne with himself
 

3023
00:58:57,760 --> 00:59:00,390
whole bottle of champagne with himself
i'm free we've run out of time uh right

3024
00:59:00,390 --> 00:59:00,400
i'm free we've run out of time uh right
 

3025
00:59:00,400 --> 00:59:01,990
i'm free we've run out of time uh right
now for question and answer and the

3026
00:59:01,990 --> 00:59:02,000
now for question and answer and the
 

3027
00:59:02,000 --> 00:59:03,670
now for question and answer and the
shoemakers have another engagement they

3028
00:59:03,670 --> 00:59:03,680
shoemakers have another engagement they
 

3029
00:59:03,680 --> 00:59:05,190
shoemakers have another engagement they
have to we're going to run down and

3030
00:59:05,190 --> 00:59:05,200
have to we're going to run down and
 

3031
00:59:05,200 --> 00:59:07,190
have to we're going to run down and
watch the impact of fragment b at the

3032
00:59:07,190 --> 00:59:07,200
watch the impact of fragment b at the
 

3033
00:59:07,200 --> 00:59:09,670
watch the impact of fragment b at the
naval observatory right now

3034
00:59:09,670 --> 00:59:09,680
naval observatory right now
 

3035
00:59:09,680 --> 00:59:10,870
naval observatory right now
we will have

3036
00:59:10,870 --> 00:59:10,880
we will have
 

3037
00:59:10,880 --> 00:59:12,069
we will have
we will have

3038
00:59:12,069 --> 00:59:12,079
we will have
 

3039
00:59:12,079 --> 00:59:13,829
we will have
our panel again tomorrow morning at 10

3040
00:59:13,829 --> 00:59:13,839
our panel again tomorrow morning at 10
 

3041
00:59:13,839 --> 00:59:15,750
our panel again tomorrow morning at 10
o'clock at the goddard space center and

3042
00:59:15,750 --> 00:59:15,760
o'clock at the goddard space center and
 

3043
00:59:15,760 --> 00:59:18,230
o'clock at the goddard space center and
also we'll have some updates later this

3044
00:59:18,230 --> 00:59:18,240
also we'll have some updates later this
 

3045
00:59:18,240 --> 00:59:20,309
also we'll have some updates later this
evening at 10 pm with heidi hamill and

3046
00:59:20,309 --> 00:59:20,319
evening at 10 pm with heidi hamill and
 

3047
00:59:20,319 --> 00:59:21,670
evening at 10 pm with heidi hamill and
the other science team members if you

3048
00:59:21,670 --> 00:59:21,680
the other science team members if you
 

3049
00:59:21,680 --> 00:59:23,670
the other science team members if you
would care to join us for that 10

3050
00:59:23,670 --> 00:59:23,680
would care to join us for that 10
 

3051
00:59:23,680 --> 00:59:25,030
would care to join us for that 10
o'clock tonight eastern thank you very

3052
00:59:25,030 --> 00:59:25,040
o'clock tonight eastern thank you very
 

3053
00:59:25,040 --> 00:59:59,030
o'clock tonight eastern thank you very
much

3054
00:59:59,030 --> 00:59:59,040

 

3055
00:59:59,040 --> 01:00:01,119

you